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Stress and your heart

Coronary heart disease - stress; Coronary artery disease - stress

Stress is the way your mind and body react to a threat or a challenge. Simple things, like a crying child, can cause stress. You also feel stress when you're in danger, like during a robbery or car crash. Even positive things, like getting married, can be stressful.

Stress is a fact of life. But when it adds up, it can affect your mental and physical health. Too much stress can also be bad for your heart.

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Your Body and Stress

Your body responds to stress on many levels. First, it releases stress hormones that make you breathe faster. Your blood pressure goes up. Your muscles tense up and your mind races. All of this puts you in gear to deal with an immediate threat.

The problem is that your body reacts the same way to all types of stress, even when you're not in danger. Over time, these stress-related reactions can cause health problems.

Common symptoms of stress include:

• Upset stomach
• Inability to focus
• Trouble sleeping
• Headaches
• Anxiety
• Mood swings

Stress and Heart Disease

When you are stressed, you are also more likely to do things that are bad for your heart, such as smoke, drink heavily, or eat foods high in salt, sugar, and fat.

Even on its own, constant stress can strain your heart in several ways.

• Stress raises blood pressure.
• Stress increases inflammation in your body.
• Stress can increase cholesterol and triglycerides levels in your blood.
• Extreme stress can make your heart beat out of rhythm.

Harmful Kinds of Stress for Your Heart

Some sources of stress come at you fast. Others are with you every day. You can protect yourself from some stress. But other stressors are beyond your control. All of these factors have an impact on how stressed you feel and for how long.

The following types of stress are the worst for your heart.

• Chronic stress. The daily stress of a bad boss or relationship woes can put constant pressure on your heart.
• Helplessness. Long-term (chronic) stress is even more harmful when you feel unable to do anything about it.
• Loneliness. Stress can be more harmful if you do not have a support system to help you cope.
• Anger. People who blow up in anger have a higher risk of heart attack and stroke.
• Acute stress. In rare cases, extremely bad news can bring on heart attack symptoms. This is called broken heart syndrome. This is not the same thing as a heart attack, and most people recover fully.

When you Have Heart Disease

Heart disease itself can be stressful. Many people feel anxious and depressed after a heart attack or surgery. This is natural, but it can also get in the way of recovery.

Stress may be more damaging if you have heart disease. You might feel more pain, have more trouble sleeping, and have less energy for rehab. Depression can also increase your risk for another heart attack. And it can make it harder for you to believe you will be healthy again.

What you can do

It is important to learn how to manage stress. Finding healthy ways to deal with stress can improve your mood and help you avoid unhealthy behaviors, like overeating or smoking. Try different ways to relax, and see what works best for you, such as:

• Practicing yoga or meditation
• Spending time outdoors in nature
• Getting regular exercise
• Sitting quietly and focusing on your breathing for 10 minutes each day
• Spending time with friends
• Escaping with a movie or a good book
• Making time every day for the things that reduce stress

If you are having trouble managing stress on your own, consider a stress management class. You can find classes at local hospitals, community centers, or adult education programs.

When to Call the Doctor

Contact your health care provider if stress or depression makes it hard to do daily activities. Your provider may recommend therapy to help you get stressful events or feelings under control.

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Heart disease and mental health disorders. www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/mentalhealth.htm. Updated May 6, 2020. Accessed March 5, 2024.

Freedland KE, Carney RM, Lenze EJ, Rich MW. Psychiatric and psychosocial aspects of cardiovascular disease. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Bhatt DL, Solomon SD, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 99.

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Review Date: 2/27/2024  

Reviewed By: Thomas S. Metkus, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine and Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

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