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Food poisoning prevention

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This article explains safe ways to prepare and store food to prevent food poisoning. It includes tips about what foods to avoid, eating outside of your home, such as at restaurants, and traveling.

TIPS FOR COOKING OR PREPARING FOOD:

• Carefully wash your hands before preparing or serving food.
• Cook eggs until they are solid, not runny.
• Do not eat raw ground beef, chicken, eggs, or fish.
• Heat all casseroles to 165°F (73.9°C).
• Hotdogs and luncheon meats should be heated to steaming.
• If you take care of young children, wash your hands often and dispose of diapers carefully so bacteria do not spread to food surfaces where food is prepared.
• Use only clean dishes and utensils.
• Use a thermometer when cooking beef to at least 160°F (71.1°C), poultry to at least 180°F (82.2°C), or fish to at least 140°F (60°C).

TIPS FOR STORING FOOD:

• Do not use foods that have an unusual odor or spoiled taste.
• Do not place cooked meat or fish back onto the same plate or container that held the raw meat, unless the container has been thoroughly washed.
• Do not use outdated foods, packaged foods with broken seals, or cans that are bulging or dented.
• If you can your own foods at home, be sure to follow proper canning techniques to prevent botulism.
• Keep the refrigerator set to 40°F (4.4°C) and your freezer at or below 0°F (-17.7°C).
• Promptly refrigerate any food you will not be eating.

MORE TIPS FOR PREVENTING FOOD POISONING:

• All milk, yogurt, cheese, and other dairy products should have the word "Pasteurized" on the container.
• Do not eat foods that may contain raw eggs (such as Caesar salad dressing, raw cookie dough, eggnog, and hollandaise sauce).
• Do not eat raw honey. Only eat honey that has been heat treated.
• NEVER give honey to children under 1 year of age.
• Do not eat soft cheeses (such as queso blanco fresco).
• Do not eat raw vegetable sprouts (such as alfalfa sprouts).
• Do not eat shellfish that has been exposed to red tide.
• Wash all raw fruits, vegetables, and herbs with cold running water.

TIPS FOR EATING OUT SAFELY:

• Ask if all fruit juices have been pasteurized.
• Be careful at salad bars, buffets, sidewalk vendors, potluck meals, and delicatessens. Make sure cold foods are kept cold and hot foods are kept hot.
• Use only salad dressings, sauces, and salsas that come in single-serving packages.

TIPS FOR TRAVELING WHERE CONTAMINATION IS COMMON:

• Do not eat raw vegetables or unpeeled fruit.
• Do not add ice to your drinks unless you know it was made with clean or boiled water.
• Drink only boiled water.
• Eat only hot, freshly cooked food.

If you become sick after eating, and other people you know may have eaten the same food, let them know you got sick. If you think the food was contaminated when you bought it from a store or restaurant, tell the store or restaurant and your local health department.

For more detailed information please see Food - hygiene and sanitation or the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Safety and Inspection Service website -- www.fsis.usda.gov.

References

DuPont HL, Okhuysen PC. Approach to the patient with suspected enteric infection. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 267.

Melia JMP, Sears CL. Infectious enteritis and proctocolitis. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 110.

Semrad CE. Approach to the patient with diarrhea and malabsorption. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 131.

US Food & Drug Administration website. Are you storing food safely? www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/are-you-storing-food-safely. Updated February 9, 2021. Accessed April 28, 2022.

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Review Date: 3/10/2022  

Reviewed By: Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Associate Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Associate in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

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