Diabetic third nerve palsy; Pupil-sparing third cranial nerve palsy; Ocular diabetic neuropathy
This diabetic type of cranial mononeuropathy III is a complication of diabetes. It causes double vision and eyelid drooping.
Mononeuropathy means that only one nerve is damaged. This disorder affects the third cranial nerve in the skull. This is one of the cranial nerves that control eye movement and the pupil of the eye.
This type of damage may occur along with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Cranial mononeuropathy III is the most common cranial nerve disorder in people with diabetes. It is due to damage to the small blood vessels that feed the nerve.
Cranial mononeuropathy III can also occur in people who don't have diabetes.
Symptoms may include:
Neuropathy often develops within 7 days of onset of pain.
An examination of the eyes will determine whether only the third nerve is affected or if other nerves have also been damaged. Signs may include:
Your health care provider will do a complete examination to determine the possible effect on other parts of the nervous system. Depending on the suspected cause, you may need:
You may need to be referred to a doctor who specializes in vision problems related to the nerves in the eye (neuro-ophthalmologist).
There is no specific treatment to correct the nerve injury.
Treatments to help symptoms may include:
Some people may recover without treatment.
Prognosis is good. Many people get better over 3 to 6 months. However, some people have permanent eye muscle weakness.
Complications may include:
Call your provider if you have double vision and it does not go away in a few minutes, especially if you also have eyelid drooping.
Controlling your blood sugar level may reduce the risk of developing this disorder.
Brownlee M, Aiello LP, Sun JK, et al. Complications of diabetes mellitus. In: Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 14th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 37.
Norse AB. Diplopia. In: Walls RM, ed. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 17.
Wallenstein J. Brain and cranial nerve disorders. In: Walls RM, ed. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 91.
BACK TO TOPReview Date: 4/25/2022
Reviewed By: Joseph V. Campellone, MD, Department of Neurology, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
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