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Caring for muscle spasticity or spasms

High muscle tone - care; Increased muscle tension - care; Upper motor neuron syndrome - care; Muscle stiffness - care

Description

Muscle spasticity, or spasms, causes your muscles to become stiff or rigid. It can also cause exaggerated, deep tendon reflexes, like a knee-jerk reaction when your reflexes are checked. Muscle spasms are typically brief whereas spasticity lasts longer. Muscle spasticity is usually due to a neurologic condition but muscle spasms often occur in people with no known neurologic condition.

Self-care

These things may make your spasticity worse:

Your physical therapist can teach you and your caregiver stretching exercises you can do. These stretches will help keep your muscles from getting shorter or tighter.

Being active also helps keep your muscles loose. Aerobic exercise, such as swimming, and strength-building exercises are helpful as are playing sports and doing daily tasks. Talk with your health care provider or physical therapist first before starting any exercise program.

Your provider or physical/occupational therapist may place splints or casts on some of your joints to keep them from becoming so tight that you cannot move them easily. Make sure to wear the splints or casts as your provider tells you to.

Be careful about getting pressure sores from exercise or being in the same position in a bed or wheelchair for too long.

Muscle spasticity can increase your chances of falling and hurting yourself. Be sure to take precautions so you do not fall.

Medicines That Help With Spasticity

Your provider may prescribe medicines for you to take to help with muscle spasticity. Some common ones are:

These drugs have side effects. Call your provider if you have any of the following side effects:

Do not just stop taking these medicines, especially Zanaflex. It can be dangerous if you stop abruptly.

When to Call the Doctor

Pay attention to changes in your muscle spasticity. Changes may mean that your other medical problems are getting worse.

Always call your provider if you have any of the following:

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References

American Association of Neurological Surgeons website. Spasticity. www.aans.org/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Spasticity. Accessed August 8, 2022.

Francisco GE, Li S. Spasticity. In: Cifu DX, ed. Braddom's Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 23.

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Review Date: 4/10/2022  

Reviewed By: David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

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