Hydrocodone and acetaminophen (Oral route)

Pronunciation:

a-seet-a-MIN-oh-fen, hye-droe-KOE-done bye-TAR-trate

Brand Names:

Anexsia
Ceta Plus
Co-Gesic
Dolorex Forte
Hycet
Lorcet
Lortab
Maxidone
Norco
Stagesic
Vicodin HP
Zydone

Dosage Forms:

Solution
Tablet
Elixir

Warnings:

Oral route(Solution)

Hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen oral solution has the potential for addiction, abuse, and misuse, which can lead to overdose and death. Assess each patient's risk before prescribing, and monitor for development of these behaviors and conditions. To ensure that the benefits of opioid analgesics outweigh the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has required a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) for these products. Serious, life-threatening, or fatal respiratory depression may occur. Monitor closely, especially upon initiation or following a dose increase. Accidental ingestion of hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen oral solution, especially by children, can result in a fatal overdose of hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen. Prolonged use of hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen oral solution during pregnancy can result in neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome, which may be life-threatening if not recognized and treated. Monitor patients receiving hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen oral solution and any CYP3A4 inhibitor or inducer for signs of respiratory depression or sedation. Acetaminophen has been associated with cases of acute liver failure, at times resulting in liver transplant and death, most often with the use of acetaminophen at doses that exceed 4000 mg/day, and involving more than 1 acetaminophen-containing product. Concomitant use of benzodiazepines and opioids may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Reserve concomitant prescribing for patients with inadequate alternative treatment options. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required and follow patients for signs and symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation .

Oral route(Tablet)

Hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen has the potential for addiction, abuse, and misuse, which can lead to overdose and death. Assess each patient's risk before prescribing, and monitor for development of these behaviors and conditions. To ensure that the benefits of opioid analgesics outweigh the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has required a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) for these products. Serious, life-threatening, or fatal respiratory depression may occur. Monitor closely, especially upon initiation or following a dose increase. Accidental ingestion of hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen, especially by children, can result in a fatal overdose of hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen. Prolonged use of hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen during pregnancy can result in neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome, which may be life-threatening if not recognized and treated. Monitor patients receiving hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen and any CYP3A4 inhibitor or inducer for signs of respiratory depression or sedation. Acetaminophen has been associated with cases of acute liver failure, at times resulting in liver transplant and death, most often with the use of acetaminophen at doses that exceed 4000 mg/day, and involving more than 1 acetaminophen-containing product. Concomitant use of benzodiazepines and opioids may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Reserve concomitant prescribing for patients with inadequate alternative treatment options. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required and follow patients for signs and symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation .

Classifications:

Therapeutic—

Opioid/Acetaminophen Combination

Chemical—

Hydrocodone

Uses of This Medicine:

Hydrocodone and acetaminophen combination is used to relieve pain severe enough to require opioid treatment and when other pain medicines did not work well enough or cannot be tolerated.

Acetaminophen is used to relieve pain and reduce fever in patients. It does not become habit-forming when taken for a long time. But acetaminophen may cause other unwanted effects when taken in large doses, including liver damage.

Hydrocodone belongs to the group of medicines called narcotic analgesics (pain medicines). It acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain, and stops or prevents cough.

When hydrocodone is used for a long time, it may become habit-forming, causing mental or physical dependence. However, people who have continuing pain should not let the fear of dependence keep them from using narcotics to relieve their pain. Mental dependence (addiction) is not likely to occur when narcotics are used for this purpose. Physical dependence may lead to withdrawal side effects if treatment is stopped suddenly. However, severe withdrawal side effects can usually be prevented by gradually reducing the dose over a period of time before treatment is stopped completely.

This medicine is available only under a restricted distribution program called the Opioid Analgesic REMS (Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy) program.

Before Using This Medicine:

In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered:

Allergies—

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Children—

Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of hydrocodone and acetaminophen combination capsules and tablets in the pediatric population. Safety and efficacy have not been established.

Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated pediatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of hydrocodone and acetaminophen combination oral solution in children 2 years of age and older. However, safety and efficacy have not been established in children younger than 2 years of age.

Older adults—

Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of hydrocodone and acetaminophen combination in the elderly. However, elderly patients are more likely to have confusion and drowsiness, and age-related lung, liver, kidney, or heart problems, which may require caution and an adjustment in the dose for patients receiving hydrocodone and acetaminophen combination.

Breast-feeding—

There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.

Other medicines—

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking this medicine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.

Nalmefene
Naltrexone
Safinamide
Samidorphan

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

Abametapir
Acepromazine
Alfentanil
Almotriptan
Alprazolam
Amifampridine
Amineptine
Amiodarone
Amitriptyline
Amitriptylinoxide
Amobarbital
Amoxapine
Amphetamine
Amprenavir
Anileridine
Aprepitant
Aripiprazole
Armodafinil
Asenapine
Atazanavir
Baclofen
Benperidol
Benzphetamine
Boceprevir
Bosentan
Bromazepam
Bromopride
Brompheniramine
Buprenorphine
Bupropion
Buspirone
Butabarbital
Butorphanol
Calcium Oxybate
Cannabidiol
Cannabis
Carbamazepine
Carbinoxamine
Carisoprodol
Carphenazine
Ceritinib
Cetirizine
Chloral Hydrate
Chlordiazepoxide
Chlorpheniramine
Chlorpromazine
Chlorzoxazone
Ciprofloxacin
Citalopram
Clarithromycin
Clobazam
Clomipramine
Clonazepam
Clopidogrel
Clorazepate
Clozapine
Cobicistat
Cocaine
Codeine
Conivaptan
Crizotinib
Cyclobenzaprine
Cyclosporine
Daridorexant
Darunavir
Dasabuvir
Delavirdine
Desipramine
Desmopressin
Desvenlafaxine
Dexamethasone
Dexmedetomidine
Dextroamphetamine
Dextromethorphan
Dezocine
Diazepam
Dibenzepin
Dichloralphenazone
Difenoxin
Dihydrocodeine
Diltiazem
Diphenhydramine
Diphenoxylate
Dolasetron
Donepezil
Doxepin
Doxylamine
Dronedarone
Droperidol
Duloxetine
Efavirenz
Eletriptan
Enflurane
Enzalutamide
Erythromycin
Escitalopram
Esketamine
Eslicarbazepine Acetate
Estazolam
Eszopiclone
Ethchlorvynol
Ethopropazine
Ethylmorphine
Etravirine
Fedratinib
Fenfluramine
Fentanyl
Fexinidazole
Flibanserin
Fluconazole
Fluoxetine
Fluphenazine
Flurazepam
Fluspirilene
Fluvoxamine
Fosamprenavir
Fosaprepitant
Fosnetupitant
Fosphenytoin
Fospropofol
Frovatriptan
Furazolidone
Gabapentin
Gabapentin Enacarbil
Gepirone
Granisetron
Halazepam
Haloperidol
Halothane
Hexobarbital
Hydromorphone
Hydroxytryptophan
Hydroxyzine
Idelalisib
Imatinib
Imipramine
Indinavir
Iproniazid
Isocarboxazid
Isoflurane
Isoniazid
Itraconazole
Ivacaftor
Ketamine
Ketazolam
Ketobemidone
Ketoconazole
Lacosamide
Lasmiditan
Lemborexant
Lenacapavir
Levocetirizine
Levomilnacipran
Levorphanol
Linezolid
Lisdexamfetamine
Lithium
Lofepramine
Lofexidine
Lomitapide
Lopinavir
Lorazepam
Lorcaserin
Loxapine
Lumacaftor
Magnesium Oxybate
Mavacamten
Meclizine
Melitracen
Melperone
Meperidine
Mephobarbital
Meprobamate
Meptazinol
Mesoridazine
Metaxalone
Methadone
Methamphetamine
Methdilazine
Methocarbamol
Methohexital
Methotrimeprazine
Methylene Blue
Metoclopramide
Mibefradil
Midazolam
Mifepristone
Milnacipran
Mirtazapine
Mitotane
Moclobemide
Modafinil
Molindone
Moricizine
Morphine
Morphine Sulfate Liposome
Nafcillin
Nalbuphine
Naratriptan
Nefazodone
Nelfinavir
Netupitant
Nevirapine
Nialamide
Nicomorphine
Nilotinib
Nitrazepam
Nitrous Oxide
Nortriptyline
Olanzapine
Omaveloxolone
Ombitasvir
Ondansetron
Opipramol
Opium
Opium Alkaloids
Orphenadrine
Oxazepam
Oxcarbazepine
Oxycodone
Oxymorphone
Ozanimod
Palbociclib
Palonosetron
Papaveretum
Paregoric
Paritaprevir
Paroxetine
Pentazocine
Pentobarbital
Perampanel
Perazine
Periciazine
Perphenazine
Phenelzine
Phenobarbital
Phenytoin
Piperacetazine
Pipotiazine
Piritramide
Pixantrone
Pneumococcal 13-Valent Vaccine, Diphtheria Conjugate
Posaconazole
Potassium Oxybate
Prazepam
Prednisone
Pregabalin
Primidone
Procarbazine
Prochlorperazine
Promazine
Promethazine
Propofol
Protriptyline
Quazepam
Quetiapine
Ramelteon
Ranitidine
Ranolazine
Rasagiline
Remifentanil
Remimazolam
Remoxipride
Rifabutin
Rifampin
Rifapentine
Ritonavir
Rizatriptan
Ropeginterferon Alfa-2b-njft
Saquinavir
Scopolamine
Secobarbital
Selegiline
Sertindole
Sertraline
Sibutramine
Sodium Oxybate
St John's Wort
Sufentanil
Sulpiride
Sumatriptan
Suvorexant
Tapentadol
Telaprevir
Telithromycin
Temazepam
Thiethylperazine
Thiopental
Thiopropazate
Thioridazine
Tianeptine
Tilidine
Tizanidine
Tolonium Chloride
Topiramate
Tramadol
Tranylcypromine
Trazodone
Triazolam
Trifluoperazine
Trifluperidol
Triflupromazine
Trimeprazine
Trimipramine
Tryptophan
Venlafaxine
Verapamil
Vilazodone
Voriconazole
Vortioxetine
Zaleplon
Ziprasidone
Zolmitriptan
Zolpidem
Zopiclone
Zotepine
Zuranolone

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

Acenocoumarol
Carbamazepine
Fosphenytoin
Lixisenatide
Phenytoin
Warfarin
Zidovudine

Other interactions—

Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.

Using this medicine with any of the following is usually not recommended, but may be unavoidable in some cases. If used together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use this medicine, or give you special instructions about the use of food, alcohol, or tobacco.

Ethanol
Grapefruit Juice
Tobacco

Using this medicine with any of the following may cause an increased risk of certain side effects but may be unavoidable in some cases. If used together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use this medicine, or give you special instructions about the use of food, alcohol, or tobacco.

Cabbage

Other medical problems—

The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this medicine. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:

Addison's disease (adrenal gland problem) or
Alcohol abuse, history of or
Brain tumor, or history of or
Breathing or lung problems (eg, asthma, apnea, COPD, emphysema, hypoxia) or
Cor pulmonale (serious heart condition) or
CNS depression or
Drug dependence, especially narcotic abuse or dependence, or history of or
Enlarged prostate (BPH, prostatic hypertrophy) or
Head injuries, or history of or
Increased pressure in the head or
Hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid) or
Problems with passing urine—Use with caution. May increase risk for more serious side effects.

Asthma, acute or severe or
Respiratory depression (serious breathing problem) or
Stomach or bowel blockage (eg, paralytic ileus), known or suspected—Should not be used in patients with these conditions.

Hypotension (low blood pressure) or
Pancreatitis (swelling of the pancreas) or
Seizures, history of—Use with caution. May make these conditions worse.

Kidney disease or
Liver disease—Use with caution. The effects may be increased because of slower removal of the medicine from the body.

Proper Use of This Medicine:

Take this medicine only as directed by your doctor. Do not take more of it, do not take it more often, and do not take it for a longer time than your doctor ordered. This is especially important for elderly patients, who may be more sensitive to the effects of pain medicines. If too much of this medicine is taken for a long time, it may become habit-forming (causing mental or physical dependence) or cause an overdose. Large amounts of acetaminophen may cause liver damage.

It is very important that you understand the rules of the Opioid Analgesic REMS program to prevent addiction, abuse, and misuse of hydrocodone and acetaminophen combination. This medicine should also come with a Medication Guide and patient information leaflet. Read and follow these instructions carefully. Read it again each time you refill your prescription in case there is new information. Ask your doctor if you have any questions.

Measure the oral liquid with a marked measuring spoon, oral syringe, dropper, or medicine cup. The average household teaspoon may not hold the right amount of liquid.

This combination medicine contains acetaminophen (Tylenol®). Carefully check the labels of all other medicines you are using, because they may also contain acetaminophen. It is not safe to use more than 4 grams (4,000 milligrams) of acetaminophen in one day (24 hours).

Dosing—

The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.

For moderate to severe pain:
- For oral dosage form (capsules):
  - Adults—1 or 2 capsules every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 8 capsules per day.
  - Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- For oral dosage form (elixir):
  - Adults and children 14 years of age and older and weighing 46 kilograms (kg) and more—11.25 milliliters (mL) every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 67.5 mL per day.
  - Children 10 to 13 years of age and weighing 32 to 45 kg—7.5 mL every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 45 mL per day.
  - Children 7 to 9 years of age and weighing 23 to 31 kg—5.6 mL every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 33.6 mL per day.
  - Children 4 to 6 years of age and weighing 16 to 22 kg—3.75 mL every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 22.5 mL per day.
  - Children 2 to 3 years of age and weighing 12 to 15 kg—2.8 mL every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 16.8 mL per day.
  - Children younger than 2 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- For oral dosage form (7.5 milligrams [mg] per 325 mg per 15 mL solution):
  - Adults and children 14 years of age and older and weighing 46 kg and more—15 milliliters (mL) or 1 tablespoonful every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 90 mL (6 tablespoonfuls) per day.
  - Children 10 to 13 years of age and weighing 32 to 45 kg—10 mL (2 teaspoonfuls) every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 60 mL (12 teaspoonfuls) per day.
  - Children 7 to 9 years of age and weighing 23 to 31 kg—7.5 mL (1 and 1/2 teaspoonfuls) every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 45 mL (9 teaspoonfuls) per day.
  - Children 4 to 6 years of age and weighing 16 to 22 kg—5 mL (1 teaspoonful) every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 30 mL (6 teaspoonfuls) per day.
  - Children 2 to 3 years of age and weighing 12 to 15 kg—3.75 mL (3/4 teaspoonful) every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 22.5 mL (4 and 1/2 teaspoonfuls) per day.
  - Children younger than 2 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- For oral dosage form (10 milligrams [mg] per 325 mg per 15 mL solution):
  - Adults—15 milliliters (mL) or 1 tablespoonful every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 90 mL (6 tablespoonfuls) per day.
  - Children 14 years of age and older and weighing 46 kg and more—11.25 mL (2 and 1/4 teaspoonfuls) every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 67.5 mL (13 and 1/2 teaspoonfuls) per day.
  - Children 10 to 13 years of age and weighing 32 to 45 kg—7.5 mL (1 and 1/2 teaspoonfuls) every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 45 mL (9 teaspoonfuls) per day.
  - Children 7 to 9 years of age and weighing 23 to 31 kg—5.6 mL (1 teaspoonful) every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 33.6 mL (6 and 1/2 teaspoonfuls) per day.
  - Children 4 to 6 years of age and weighing 16 to 22 kg—3.75 mL (3/4 teaspoonful) every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 22.5 mL (4 and 1/2 teaspoonfuls) per day.
  - Children 2 to 3 years of age and weighing 12 to 15 kg—2.8 mL (1/2 teaspoonful) every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 16.8 mL (3 and 1/4 teaspoonfuls) per day.
  - Children younger than 2 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- For oral dosage form (5 milligrams [mg] per 325 mg tablets):
  - Adults—
    - Lortab®: 1 or 2 tablets every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 12 tablets per day.
    - Norco® 5/325: 1 or 2 tablets every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 8 tablets per day.
    - Generic: Dose depends on the strength of the tablet and must be determined by your doctor.
  - Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- For oral dosage form (7.5 mg per 325 mg tablets):
  - Adults—
    - Lortab®: 1 tablet every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 6 tablets per day.
    - Norco® 7.5/325: 1 tablet every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 6 tablets per day.
    - Generic: Dose depends on the strength of the tablet and must be determined by your doctor.
  - Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- For oral dosage form (10 mg per 325 mg tablets):
  - Adults—
    - Lortab®: 1 tablet every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 6 tablets per day.
    - Norco® 10/325: 1 tablet every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 6 tablets per day.
    - Generic: Dose depends on the strength of the tablet and must be determined by your doctor.
  - Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.

Missed dose—

If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.

If you miss a dose of hydrocodone and acetaminophen oral solution or Norco®, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule.

Storage—

Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.

Hydrocodone can cause serious unwanted effects or fatal overdose if taken by children, pets, or adults who are not used to strong narcotic pain medicines. Make sure you store the medicine in a safe and secure place to prevent others from getting it.

Drop off any unused narcotic medicine at a drug take-back location right away. If you do not have a drug take-back location near you, flush any unused narcotic medicine down the toilet. Check your local drug store and clinics for take-back locations. You can also check the DEA web site for locations. Here is the link to the FDA safe disposal of medicines website: www.fda.gov/drugs/resourcesforyou/consumers/buyingusingmedicinesafely/ensuringsafeuseofmedicine/safedisposalofmedicines/ucm186187.htm .

Precautions While Using This Medicine:

It is very important that your doctor check your or your child's progress while using this medicine, especially within the first 24 to 72 hours of treatment. This will allow your doctor to see if the medicine is working properly and to decide if you or your child should continue to take it. Blood and urine tests may be needed to check for unwanted effects.

Do not use this medicine if you are using or have used an MAO inhibitor (eg, isocarboxazid [Marplan®], linezolid [Zyvox®], phenelzine [Nardil®], selegiline [Eldepryl®], tranylcypromine [Parnate®]) within the past 14 days.

It is against the law and dangerous for anyone else to use your medicine. Keep your unused tablets in a safe and secure place. People who are addicted to drugs might want to steal this medicine.

This medicine will add to the effects of alcohol and other CNS depressants (medicines that can make you drowsy or less alert). Some examples of CNS depressants are antihistamines or medicine for allergies or colds, sedatives, tranquilizers, or sleeping medicine, other prescription pain medicine or narcotics, medicine for seizures or barbiturates, muscle relaxants, or anesthetics (numbing medicines), including some dental anesthetics. Also, there may be a greater risk of liver damage if you drink three or more alcoholic beverages while you are taking acetaminophen. Do not drink alcoholic beverages, and check with your doctor before taking any of these medicines while you are using this medicine.

This medicine may be habit-forming. If you feel that the medicine is not working as well, do not use more than your prescribed dose.

If you think you or someone else may have taken an overdose of this medicine, get emergency help at once. Your doctor may also give naloxone to treat an overdose. Signs of an overdose include: cold, clammy skin, coughing that sometimes produces a pink frothy sputum, dark urine, difficult or trouble breathing, irregular, fast or slow, or shallow breathing, nausea, vomiting, pain in the upper stomach, pale or blue lips, fingernails, or skin, pinpoint pupils of the eyes, or yellow eyes or skin.

This medicine may cause sleep-related breathing problems (eg, sleep apnea, sleep-related hypoxemia). Your doctor may decrease your dose if you have sleep apnea (stop breathing for short periods during sleep) while using this medicine.

This medicine may cause adrenal gland problems. Check with your doctor right away if you have darkening of the skin, diarrhea, dizziness, fainting, loss of appetite, mental depression, nausea, skin rash, unusual tiredness or weakness, or vomiting.

Check with your doctor right away if you have pain or tenderness in the upper stomach, pale stools, dark urine, loss of appetite, nausea, unusual tiredness or weakness, or yellow eyes or skin. These could be symptoms of a serious liver problem.

This medicine may cause serious skin reactions (eg, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis). Check with your doctor right away if you have blistering, peeling, or loosening of the skin, chills, cough, diarrhea, itching, joint or muscle pain, red irritated eyes, red skin lesions, often with a purple center, sore throat, sores, ulcers, or white spots in the mouth or on the lips, or unusual tiredness or weakness.

This medicine may cause a serious type of allergic reaction called anaphylaxis, which can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention. Call your doctor right away if you have a rash, itching, hoarseness, trouble breathing, trouble swallowing, or any swelling of your hands, face, or mouth while you are using this medicine.

Dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting may occur when you get up suddenly from a lying or sitting position. Getting up slowly may help lessen this problem. Also, lying down for a while may relieve dizziness or lightheadedness.

This medicine may make you dizzy, drowsy, or lightheaded. Do not drive or do anything else that could be dangerous until you know how this medicine affects you.

Using narcotics for a long time can cause severe constipation. To prevent this, your doctor may direct you or your child to take laxatives, drink a lot of fluids, or increase the amount of fiber in your diet. Be sure to follow the directions carefully, because continuing constipation can lead to more serious problems.

Before you or your child have any medical tests, tell the medical doctor in charge that you are taking this medicine. The results of certain tests may be affected by this medicine.

Do not change your dose or suddenly stop using this medicine without first checking with your doctor. Your doctor may want you or your child to gradually reduce the amount you are using before stopping it completely. This may help prevent worsening of your condition and reduce the possibility of withdrawal symptoms, including stomach cramps, anxiety, fever, nausea, runny nose, sweating, tremors, or trouble with sleeping.

Using this medicine while you are pregnant may cause serious unwanted effects, including neonatal withdrawal syndrome in your newborn baby. Tell your doctor right away if your child has an abnormal sleep pattern, diarrhea, a high-pitched cry, irritability, shakiness or tremors, sneezing, weight loss, vomiting, yawning, or failure to gain weight. Check with your doctor right away if you think you are pregnant or if you plan to become pregnant while using this medicine.

Check with your doctor right away if you have anxiety, restlessness, a fast heartbeat, fever, sweating, muscle spasms, twitching, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or see or hear things that are not there. These may be symptoms of a serious condition called serotonin syndrome. Your risk may be higher if you also take certain other medicines that affect serotonin levels in your body.

Using too much of this medicine may cause infertility (unable to have children). Talk with your doctor before using this medicine if you plan to have children.

Do not take other medicines unless they have been discussed with your doctor. This includes prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicines and herbal or vitamin supplements.

Side Effects of This Medicine:

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:

More common: Dizziness; lightheadedness

Incidence not known: Agitation; back, leg, or stomach pains; black, tarry stools; bleeding gums; blistering, peeling, or loosening of the skin; blood in the urine or stools; blood in vomit; bluish lips or skin; chills; choking; confusion; cough; dark urine; darkening of the skin; decrease in the frequency of urination; decrease in urine volume; diarrhea; difficult or trouble breathing; difficulty in passing urine (dribbling); difficulty with swallowing; fainting; fast heartbeat; fever; fever with or without chills; general body swelling; general feeling of tiredness or weakness; headache; hoarseness; irregular, fast or slow, or shallow breathing; joint or muscle pain; light-colored stools; loss of appetite; lower back or side pain; mental depression; nausea; nosebleeds; not breathing; overactive reflexes; painful or difficult urination; pale or blue lips, fingernails, or skin; pinpoint red spots on the skin; poor coordination; puffiness or swelling of the eyelids or around the eyes, face, lips, or tongue; red irritated eyes; red skin lesions, often with a purple center; restlessness; severe or continuing stomach pain; shivering; skin rash, hives, or itching; sore throat; sore tongue; sores, ulcers, or white spots on the lips or in the mouth; sweating; talking or acting with excitement you cannot control; tightness in the chest; trembling or shaking; twitching; unable to speak; unusual bleeding or bruising; unusual tiredness or weakness; upper right abdominal or stomach pain; vomiting; yellow eyes and skin

Get emergency help immediately if any of the following symptoms of overdose occur:

Symptoms of overdose: Bloody or cloudy urine; change in consciousness; chest pain or discomfort; cold and clammy skin; coughing that sometimes produces a pink frothy sputum; decreased awareness or responsiveness; difficult or trouble breathing; extreme drowsiness; general feeling of discomfort or illness; increased sweating; irregular, fast or slow, or shallow breathing; irregular heartbeat; lightheadedness, dizziness, or fainting; loss of consciousness; no blood pressure or pulse; no muscle tone or movement; not breathing; pale or blue lips, fingernails, or skin; severe sleepiness; slow or irregular heartbeat; stopping of heart; sudden decrease in the amount of urine; swelling in the legs and ankles; unpleasant breath odor

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:

More common: Drowsiness; relaxed and calm feeling; sleepiness

Incidence not known: Belching; changes in mood; difficulty having a bowel movement; fear or nervousness; feeling of indigestion; hearing loss; impaired hearing; pain in the chest below the breastbone; unusual drowsiness, dullness, tiredness, weakness, or feeling of sluggishness

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Last Updated: 11/16/2023

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