Ankle replacement

Ankle arthroplasty - total; Total ankle arthroplasty; Endoprosthetic ankle replacement; Ankle surgery

Ankle replacement is surgery to replace the damaged bone and cartilage in the ankle joint. Artificial joint parts (prosthetics) are used to replace your own bones. There are different types of ankle replacement surgeries.

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Torn hip joint repair
The hip is made of a ball and a socket joint, linking the dome at the head of the thigh bone (femur) and the cup in the pelvic bone. A total hip prosthesis is surgically implanted to replace the damaged bone within the hip joint. The total hip prosthesis consists of three parts:A plastic cup that replaces your hip socket (acetabulum)A metal ball that will replace the fractured femoral headA metal stem that is attached to the shaft of the bone to add stability to the prosthesis If a hemiarthroplasty is performed, either the femoral head or the hip socket (acetabulum) will be replaced with a prosthetic device. You will receive an extensive pre-operative evaluation of your hip to determine if you are a candidate for a hip replacement procedure. Evaluation will include assessment of the degree of disability and impact on your lifestyle, pre-existing medical conditions, and an evaluation of heart and lung function. The surgery will be performed using general or spinal anesthesia. The orthopedic surgeon makes an incision along the affected hip joint, exposing the hip joint. The head of the femur and the cup are cut out and removed.
Torn hip joint repair
illustration
Diseased hip
Hip Joint Replacement or Total Hip Replacement is surgery to replace all or part of the hip joint with an artificial device to restore joint movement (a prosthesis).
Diseased hip
illustration
Knee joint replacement prosthesis
A prosthesis is a device designed to replace a missing part of the body, or to make a part of the body work better. The metal prosthetic device in knee joint replacement surgery replaces cartilage and bone which is damaged from disease or aging.
Knee joint replacement prosthesis
illustration
Ankle replacement
Ankle replacement involves replacing the damaged parts of the three bones that make up the ankle joint with artificial joint parts (prosthetic components) made of high-quality metal and plastic. The parts are typically held in place by bone cement. The artificial joints come in different sizes to fit the patient.
Ankle replacement
illustration
Hip joint replacement - series
Presentation

<strong>Hip joint replacement - series - Normal anatomy</strong><p>The hip joint is a ball-in-socket joint where the ball or head of the femur (thigh bone) joins the pelvis at the socket called the acetabulum.</p>

<strong>Diseased hip</strong><p>Hip Joint Replacement or Total Hip Replacement is surgery to replace all or part of the hip joint with an artificial device to restore joint movement (a prosthesis).</p>

<strong>Bone removal</strong><p>The hip is a ball and a socket joint, linking the ball at the head of the thigh bone (femur) and the cup in the pelvic bone. A total hip prosthesis is surgically implanted to replace the damaged bone within the hip joint. The total hip prosthesis consists of three parts a plastic (sometimes metal) cup that replaces the hip socket (acetabulum), a metal ball that will replace the femoral head, a metal stem that is attached to the shaft of the bone to add stability to the prosthesis. If a hemi-arthroplasty is performed, either the femoral head or the hip socket (acetabulum) will be replaced with a prosthetic device. You will receive an extensive pre-operative evaluation of your hip to determine if you are a candidate for a hip replacement procedure. Evaluation will include assessment of the degree of disability and impact on your lifestyle, pre-existing medical conditions, and an evaluation of heart and lung function. The surgery will be performed using general or spinal anesthesia. The orthopedic surgeon makes an incision along the affected hip joint, exposing the hip joint. The head of the femur and the cup are cut out and removed.</p>

<strong>Hip joint replacement</strong><p>Then a metal ball and the metal stem is inserted in the femur (thigh bone) and a plastic socket is placed in the enlarged pelvis cup. The artificial components are fixed in place (sometimes a special cement is used). The muscles and tendons are then replaced against the bones and the incision is closed. You will return from surgery with a large dressing to the hip area. A small drainage tube will be placed during surgery to help drain excess fluids from the joint area.</p>

<strong>Before and after hip joint replacement</strong><p>You will experience moderate to severe pain after surgery. However, patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), intravenous (IV), or epidural analgesics are effective in controlling post-operative pain. The pain should gradually decrease, and by the third day after surgery, oral analgesic medications may be sufficient to control your pain. Try to schedule your pain medications about one half hour before walking or changing position. Results with a hip prosthesis have been excellent. The operation relieves pain and stiffness symptoms, and most patients (over 80%) need no help walking. With time, loosening of the artificial joint may occur because of the limited properties of the cement used to attach the artificial parts to the bones. You will remain in the hospital for up to a week after surgery. The use of crutches or a walker is necessary at the start of rehabilitation. However, some people may need further rehabilitation and assistance after hip replacement surgery. Temporary placement in a rehabilitation unit or long-term care center may be necessary until mobility has improved and the person can safely live independently. These centers will provide intensive physical therapy to assist in regaining muscle strength and flexibility in the joint. Positioning is very important after surgery to reduce stress on the new joint and displacement of the joint. The new hip will not have the same range of movement of the original joint, although you should eventually be able to return to your previous level of activity. However, you should avoid vigorous or high impact sports, such as skiing or contact sports.
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS. The new joint has a limited range of movement. Until your joint has healed, you will need to take special precautions to avoid dislocation of the joint, including avoid crossing your legs or ankles even when sitting, standing, or lying; When sitting, keep you feet about 6 inches apart; When sitting, keep your knees below the level of your hips. Avoid chairs that are too low. You may sit on a pillow to keep your hips higher that your knees. When getting up from a chair, slide toward the edge of the chair and then use your walker or crutches for support. Avoid bending over at the waist. You may consider purchasing a long-handled shoehorn or a sock aid to help you put on and take off your shoes and socks without bending over. Also, a extension reacher or grabber may be helpful for picking up objects that are too low for you to reach. When lying in bed, place a pillow between your legs to keep the joint in proper alignment. A special abductor pillow or splint may be used to keep the hip in correct alignment. An elevated toilet seat may be necessary to keep the knees lower than the hips when sitting on the toilet. </p>

Hip joint replacement - series
Presentation

<strong>Hip joint replacement - Series</strong><p>The hip joint is made up of two major parts the hip socket (a part of the pelvic bone called the acetabulum) and the beginning part of the thighbone (called the femur).</p>

<strong>Indications</strong><p>Osteoarthritis is the most common disease of the hip. It is caused by wear and tear on the joint. Cartilage is the firm, rubbery tissue that cushions your bones and joints. It allows bones to glide over one another. Cartilage can break down and wear away. As a result, the bones rub together, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness. The most common reason to have a hip joint replaced is relieve severe arthritis pain that limits what you can do. Hip joint replacement is usually done in people age 60 and older. This is because most artificial hips do not last more than 20 years. Also, younger people who have this surgery tend to place more strain on their new hip.</p>

<strong>Procedure, part 1</strong><p>Hip joint replacement is surgery to replace all or part of the hip joint with a man-made or artificial joint. The artificial joint is called a prosthesis. The artificial hip joint has 4 parts a socket that replaces your old hip socket (The socket is usually made of metal.) A liner that fits inside the socket and allows the hip to move smoothly. (It is usually plastic, but some surgeons use ceramic and metal.) A metal or ceramic ball that will replace the round head (top) of your thighbone. And a metal stem that is attached to the shaft of the bone. After you receive anesthesia, your surgeon will make an incision (cut) to open up your hip joint. Then your surgeon will remove the head of your thigh (femur) bone; clean out your hip socket and remove the remaining cartilage and damaged or arthritic bone.</p>

<strong>Procedure, part 2</strong><p>Next, the surgeon will put the new hip socket in place and insert the metal stem into your thighbone; check your hips stability and place the correctly sized ball for the new joint; fix all the new parts in place, sometimes with a special cement; repair the muscles and tendons around the new joint; and close the incision. A small drainage tube will be placed during surgery to help drain excess fluids from the joint area. A large dressing will cover to the hip area.</p>

<strong>Aftercare</strong><p>This surgery usually takes 1 to 3 hours. You will stay in the hospital for 3 to 5 days. Full recovery will take from 2 months to a year. Hip replacement surgery results are usually excellent. Most importantly, the hip pain and stiffness should go away. Some people may have problems with infection, or even dislocation, of the new hip joint. Over time, sometimes as long as 20 years, the artificial hip joint will loosen. A second replacement may be needed. Younger, more active, people may wear out parts of their new hips. Their artificial hip may need to be replaced before it loosens. It is important to have scheduled follow-up visits with your surgeon every year to check the position of the implants. By the time you go home, you should be able to walk with a walker or crutches without needing much help. Use your crutches or walker for as long as you need them. Most people do not need them after 2 to 4 weeks. Keep moving and walking once you get home. Do not put weight on your side with the new hip until your doctor tells you it is OK. Start out with short periods of activity, and then gradually increase them. Your doctor or physical therapist will give you exercises to do at home. Over time, you should be able to return to your former level of activity. You will need to avoid some sports, such as downhill skiing or contact sports like football and soccer. But you should be able to do low impact activities, such as hiking, gardening, swimming, playing tennis, and golfing.</p>

Knee joint replacement - series
Presentation

<strong>Knee joint replacement - Series</strong><p>The knee is a complex joint. It contains the distal end of the femur (the femoral condyles) and the proximal end of the tibia (the tibial plateau). The femoral condyles usually glide smoothly on the tibial plateau. This allows the lower leg to move smoothly and painlessly.</p>

$<strong>Indications</strong><p>The most common cause of knee damage that leads to knee replacement is osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease of the bones of the knee. It causes the surfaces of the knee joint to become irregular and rough, preventing smooth painless motion of the knee joint. Knee joint replacement may be recommended for knee osteoarthritis, or arthritis, which causes knee pain that has failed to respond to conservative therapy (NSAID medication for 6 months or more); decreased knee function caused by arthritis; inability to work because of knee pain; inability to sleep through the night because of knee pain; inability to walk more than 3 blocks because of knee pain; loose knee prosthesis; or some knee fractures.</p>$

<strong>Procedure</strong><p>The operation is performed under general anesthesia. The orthopedic surgeon makes an incision over the affected knee. The patella (knee cap) is moved out of the way, and the surgeon shaves the heads of the femur and tibia to remove any rough parts. This allows helps the prosthesis to adhere better. The two parts of the prosthesis are implanted into the thigh bone and the tibia bone using a special bone cement.</p>

<strong>Aftercare</strong><p>You will return from surgery with a large dressing on the knee area. A small drainage tube will be placed during surgery to help drain excess fluids from the joint area. Your leg will be placed in a continuous passive motion (CPM) device. This mechanical device that flexes (bends) and extends (straightens) the knee at a pre-set rate and amount of bending. Gradually, the rate and amount of bending will be increased as you can tolerate it. The leg should always be in this device when you are in bed. You will have some pain after surgery. However, you may receive intravenous (IV) medicine to control your pain for the first 3 days after surgery. The pain should gradually get better. By the third day after surgery, medicine you take by mouth may be enough to control your pain. You will also return from surgery with several IV lines in place to give you hydration and nutrition. The IV will be removed when you can drink enough fluids on your own. You will receive antibiotics to reduce the risk of developing an infection. You will also return from surgery wearing special stockings. These devices help lower your risk of getting blood clots, which are more common after lower leg surgery. You will be asked to start moving and walking early after surgery. You will be helped out of bed to a chair on the first day. When in bed, bend and straighten your ankles often. This can prevent blood clots from forming.</p>

Torn hip joint repair
The hip is made of a ball and a socket joint, linking the dome at the head of the thigh bone (femur) and the cup in the pelvic bone. A total hip prosthesis is surgically implanted to replace the damaged bone within the hip joint. The total hip prosthesis consists of three parts:A plastic cup that replaces your hip socket (acetabulum)A metal ball that will replace the fractured femoral headA metal stem that is attached to the shaft of the bone to add stability to the prosthesis If a hemiarthroplasty is performed, either the femoral head or the hip socket (acetabulum) will be replaced with a prosthetic device. You will receive an extensive pre-operative evaluation of your hip to determine if you are a candidate for a hip replacement procedure. Evaluation will include assessment of the degree of disability and impact on your lifestyle, pre-existing medical conditions, and an evaluation of heart and lung function. The surgery will be performed using general or spinal anesthesia. The orthopedic surgeon makes an incision along the affected hip joint, exposing the hip joint. The head of the femur and the cup are cut out and removed.
Torn hip joint repair
illustration
Diseased hip
Hip Joint Replacement or Total Hip Replacement is surgery to replace all or part of the hip joint with an artificial device to restore joint movement (a prosthesis).
Diseased hip
illustration
Knee joint replacement prosthesis
A prosthesis is a device designed to replace a missing part of the body, or to make a part of the body work better. The metal prosthetic device in knee joint replacement surgery replaces cartilage and bone which is damaged from disease or aging.
Knee joint replacement prosthesis
illustration
Ankle replacement
Ankle replacement involves replacing the damaged parts of the three bones that make up the ankle joint with artificial joint parts (prosthetic components) made of high-quality metal and plastic. The parts are typically held in place by bone cement. The artificial joints come in different sizes to fit the patient.
Ankle replacement
illustration
Hip joint replacement - series
Presentation

Hip joint replacement - series
Presentation

Knee joint replacement - series
Presentation

Ankle replacement

Ankle arthroplasty - total; Total ankle arthroplasty; Endoprosthetic ankle replacement; Ankle surgery

Read Full Article

The Basics

A Closer Look

Self Care

Talking to your MD

Did you mean:

Ankle replacement

Ankle arthroplasty - total; Total ankle arthroplasty; Endoprosthetic ankle replacement; Ankle surgery

Read Full Article

The Basics

A Closer Look

Self Care

Talking to your MD

Review Date: 4/24/2023

Reviewed By: C. Benjamin Ma, MD, Professor, Chief, Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, UCSF Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, San Francisco, CA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

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Ankle replacement

The Basics

A Closer Look

Self Care

Talking to your MD

Torn hip joint repair

Torn hip joint repair

Diseased hip

Diseased hip

Knee joint replacement prosthesis

Knee joint replacement prosthesis

Ankle replacement

Ankle replacement

Hip joint replacement - series

Hip joint replacement - series

Knee joint replacement - series

Torn hip joint repair

Torn hip joint repair

Diseased hip

Diseased hip

Knee joint replacement prosthesis

Knee joint replacement prosthesis

Ankle replacement

Ankle replacement

Hip joint replacement - series

Hip joint replacement - series

Knee joint replacement - series

Ankle replacement

The Basics

A Closer Look

Self Care

Talking to your MD

Ankle replacement

The Basics

A Closer Look

Self Care

Talking to your MD

Ankle replacement

The Basics

A Closer Look

Self Care

Talking to your MD