The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that attach to the bones of the shoulder joint, allowing the shoulder to move and keep it stable. Rotator cuff tendinitis refers to irritation of these tendons and inflammation of the bursa (a normally smooth layer) lining these tendons. A rotator cuff tear occurs when one of the tendons is torn...
Marfan syndrome is a disorder of connective tissue which causes skeletal defects typically recognized in a tall, lanky person. A person with Marfan syndrome may exhibit long limbs and spider-like fingers, chest abnormalities, curvature of the spine and a particular set of facial features including a highly arched palate, and crowded teeth. The most significant of the defects in the syndrome are cardiovascular abnormalities, which may include enlargement (dilatation) of the base of the aorta. Since Marfan syndrome is usually an inherited disorder, prospective parents with a family history of Marfan syndrome should get genetic counseling.
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Basal cell nevus syndrome - close-up of palm
Basal cell nevus syndrome is an inherited disorder characterized by wide-set eyes, saddle nose, frontal bossing (prominent forehead), prognathism (prominent chin), numerous basal cell carcinomas, and skeletal abnormalities. Skin manifestations include pits in the palms and soles, and numerous basal cell carcinomas. This picture is a close-up of the pits found in the palm of an individual with basal cell nevus syndrome.
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Basal cell nevus syndrome - plantar pits
Basal cell nevus syndrome is an inherited disorder characterized by wide-set eyes, saddle nose, frontal bossing (prominent forehead), prognathism (prominent chin), and skeletal abnormalities. Skin manifestations include pits in the palms and soles, and numerous basal cell carcinomas (skin cancers). This picture is a close-up of the pits found on the sole of the foot of an individual with basal cell nevus syndrome.
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CREST syndrome
The symptoms involved in CREST syndrome are associated with the generalized form of the disease Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). CREST is an acronym for the clinical features that are seen in a patient with this disease. The "C" stands for calcinosis, where calcium deposits form under the skin on the fingers or other areas of the body. The "R", stands for Raynaud's phenomenon, spasm of blood vessels in the fingers or toes in response to cold or stress. The "E" represents esophageal dysmotility, which can cause difficulty in swallowing. The "S" is for sclerodactyly, tightening of the skin causing the fingers to bend. Finally, the letter "T" is for telangiectasia, dilated vessels on the skin of the fingers, face, or inside of the mouth. Usually only 2 of the 5 symptoms of the CREST syndrome is necessary to be diagnosed with the disease.
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Sturge-Weber syndrome - legs
Sturge-Weber syndrome is a disease that affects the skin and nervous system (neurocutaneous) and is associated with Port Wine Stain, red vascular markings on the face and other parts of the body (shown here on the legs). This is an unusual case, due to the large size of the lesion (extensive involvement). Occasionally seizures or learning disorders are also associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome.
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Yellow nail syndrome
Yellow nail syndrome is characterized by yellow nails that lack a cuticle, grow slowly, and are loose or detached (onycholysis). Yellow nail syndrome is most commonly associated with lung disorders, and with lymphedema.
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Basal cell nevus syndrome
Basal cell nevus syndrome is an inherited disorder which inclines the patient to development of multiple basal cell carcinomas, most prevalent for unknown reasons around the eyes and nose. Here they appear as slightly larger than pinpoint papules on the eye lid.
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Basal cell nevus syndrome - face
The basal cell nevus syndrome has associated with it odontogenic cysts of the jaws, pitted depressions of the hands and feet (tiny basal cells), and osseous anomalies of the skeleton. Care is given by removal of the carcinomata on a regular basis and genetic counseling, since this is an autosomal dominantly inherited disorder.
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Basal cell nevus syndrome - face and hand
Basal cell nevus syndrome is an inherited disorder characterized by wide-set eyes, saddle nose, frontal bossing (prominent forehead), prognathism (prominent chin), numerous basal cell carcinomas (a type of skin cancer), and skeletal abnormalities. This individual has multiple flesh-colored, dome-shaped bumps on the face which are basal cell cancers, and palmar pits.
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Impingement syndrome
When tendons become trapped under the acromion, the rigid bony arch of the shoulder blade, it can cause shoulder pain called impingement syndrome. The tendons become compressed, damaged, and inflamed leading to rotator cuff tendonitis. This can occur from general wear and tear as you get older, or from an activity that requires constant use of the shoulder like baseball pitching, or from an injury.
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Asperger syndrome - Animation
You sense something is different about your child. He appears to have a tough time fitting in with other children. Maybe your child repeats behaviors, like being obsessed about something, again and again and again. Let's talk about what causes Asperger syndrome. Asperger syndrome is often considered a high functioning form of autism. It is more common in boys than girls, but the cause is unknown. More than likely your child's brain just works differently than other children's brains. How do you know for sure that your child has Asperger syndrome?People with Asperger syndrome become obsessed with a single object or topic. They want to know everything about this topic, and may talk about little else. A child with Asperger syndrome will not withdraw from the world like someone with classic autism does. But they may have problems in social situations that lead to isolation. Common symptoms of people with Asperger syndrome may seem like their body language may be off; They may speak in a monotone voice; They may not respond to other people's comments or emotions. They may not understand humor or a figure of speech. They may speak too loudly in social settings. They may have problems with eye contact, facial expressions, or body language. They may have a hard time forming relationships with other people. Problems are usually obvious by the age of 3, but children are often not diagnosed with Asperger syndrome until they are 7 years old. Your child's doctor will look for a group of behaviors. Does your child have abnormal eye contact? Does he fail to turn when called by name? Does he fail to interact with others?So, how do we treat Asperger syndrome?The symptoms of Asperger syndrome can't be cured, but most children improve with behavior management and social skills training. Talk therapy can help your child manage their emotions, repetitive behaviors, and obsessions. Your child may need physical or occupational therapy, to help with motor skills and sensory problems. Speech therapy can help your child learn the skill of everyday conversation. Parents can learn how to help their child grow into well-adjusted adults. With treatment, many children and their families can learn to cope with Asperger syndrome. Your child may always have problems with social interaction and personal relationships, but many children with Asperger syndrome grow up to have good jobs and lead independent lives.
Review Date:
8/12/2023+
Reviewed By:
C. Benjamin Ma, MD, Professor, Chief, Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, UCSF Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, San Francisco, CA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
