Heart failure - Animation

Heart failure

Animation

White nail syndrome

White nail syndrome may also be called leukonychia. Leukonychia can occur with arsenic poisoning, heart disease, renal failure, pneumonia, or hypoalbuminemia.

White nail syndrome

illustration

Tophi gout in hand

Chronic symptoms such as joint deformity and limitation of motion in affected joints may occur if several attacks of gout occur each year. Uric acid deposits called tophi develop in cartilage tissue, tendons, and soft tissues. These tophi usually develop only after a patient has suffered from the disease for many years. Deposits also can occur in the kidneys, leading to chronic renal failure.

Tophi gout in hand

illustration

Lower leg edema

Painless swelling of the feet and ankles is a common problem, particularly in older people. Most of the time swelling can be relieved by elevating the legs above the heart while lying down and avoiding sitting or standing without moving for prolonged periods of time. Although swelling of the feet and ankles can be a minor problem, it can also be an indication of more serious illnesses such as heart failure, renal failure, or liver failure.

Lower leg edema

illustration

Osmolality test

An osmolality urine test is performed to measure the concentration of particles in urine. Greater than normal results may indicate conditions such as Addison disease, congestive heart failure or shock. Lower-than-normal measurements may indicate aldosteronism, diabetes insipidus, excess fluid intake, renal tubular necrosis or severe pyelonephritis.

Osmolality test

illustration

Renal arteries

A renal angiogram is a test used to examine the blood vessels of the kidneys. The test is performed by threading a catheter through the main vessel of the pelvis, up to the renal artery that leads into the kidney. Contrast medium is then injected into the renal artery through the catheter, and images of the vessels of the kidney are taken. The test is a useful aid in diagnosing any narrowing of the arteries, blood clots, tumors, or aneurysms.

Renal arteries

illustration

Acute vs. chronic conditions

Acute conditions are severe and sudden in onset. This could describe anything from a broken bone to an asthma attack. A chronic condition, by contrast is a long-developing syndrome, such as osteoporosis or asthma. Note that osteoporosis, a chronic condition, may cause a broken bone, an acute condition. An acute asthma attack occurs in the midst of the chronic disease of asthma. Acute conditions, such as a first asthma attack, may lead to a chronic syndrome if untreated.

Acute vs. chronic conditions

illustration

Causes of acute bronchitis

Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the part of the respiratory system that leads into the lungs. Acute bronchitis has a sudden onset and usually appears after a respiratory infection, such as a cold, and can be caused by either a virus or bacteria. The infection inflames the bronchial tubes, which causes symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, wheezing, and the production of thick yellow mucus. If acute bronchitis occurs because of a bacterial infection antibiotics are given for the treatment. Otherwise if the infection is viral medications can only be given to alleviate the symptoms. Although acute bronchitis is relatively common, some people are more prone to it than others.

Causes of acute bronchitis

illustration

Renal biopsy

In renal biopsy, a small sample of kidney tissue is removed with a needle. The test is sometimes used to evaluate a transplanted kidney. It is also used to evaluate an unexplained decrease in kidney function, persistent blood in the urine, or protein in the urine.

Renal biopsy

illustration

Renal veins

A renal venogram is a method used to examine the veins of the kidneys, using a contrast material and x-rays.

Renal veins

illustration

Osmolality urine - series

Presentation

Complete blood count - series

Presentation

White blood cell count - series

Presentation

Kidney transplant - series

Presentation

Kidney transplant - series

Presentation

Complete blood count - series

Presentation

Heart failure - Animation

Heart failure

Animation

White nail syndrome

White nail syndrome may also be called leukonychia. Leukonychia can occur with arsenic poisoning, heart disease, renal failure, pneumonia, or hypoalbuminemia.

White nail syndrome

illustration

Tophi gout in hand

Chronic symptoms such as joint deformity and limitation of motion in affected joints may occur if several attacks of gout occur each year. Uric acid deposits called tophi develop in cartilage tissue, tendons, and soft tissues. These tophi usually develop only after a patient has suffered from the disease for many years. Deposits also can occur in the kidneys, leading to chronic renal failure.

Tophi gout in hand

illustration

Lower leg edema

Painless swelling of the feet and ankles is a common problem, particularly in older people. Most of the time swelling can be relieved by elevating the legs above the heart while lying down and avoiding sitting or standing without moving for prolonged periods of time. Although swelling of the feet and ankles can be a minor problem, it can also be an indication of more serious illnesses such as heart failure, renal failure, or liver failure.

Lower leg edema

illustration

Osmolality test

An osmolality urine test is performed to measure the concentration of particles in urine. Greater than normal results may indicate conditions such as Addison disease, congestive heart failure or shock. Lower-than-normal measurements may indicate aldosteronism, diabetes insipidus, excess fluid intake, renal tubular necrosis or severe pyelonephritis.

Osmolality test

illustration

Renal arteries

A renal angiogram is a test used to examine the blood vessels of the kidneys. The test is performed by threading a catheter through the main vessel of the pelvis, up to the renal artery that leads into the kidney. Contrast medium is then injected into the renal artery through the catheter, and images of the vessels of the kidney are taken. The test is a useful aid in diagnosing any narrowing of the arteries, blood clots, tumors, or aneurysms.

Renal arteries

illustration

Acute vs. chronic conditions

Acute conditions are severe and sudden in onset. This could describe anything from a broken bone to an asthma attack. A chronic condition, by contrast is a long-developing syndrome, such as osteoporosis or asthma. Note that osteoporosis, a chronic condition, may cause a broken bone, an acute condition. An acute asthma attack occurs in the midst of the chronic disease of asthma. Acute conditions, such as a first asthma attack, may lead to a chronic syndrome if untreated.

Acute vs. chronic conditions

illustration

Causes of acute bronchitis

Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the part of the respiratory system that leads into the lungs. Acute bronchitis has a sudden onset and usually appears after a respiratory infection, such as a cold, and can be caused by either a virus or bacteria. The infection inflames the bronchial tubes, which causes symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, wheezing, and the production of thick yellow mucus. If acute bronchitis occurs because of a bacterial infection antibiotics are given for the treatment. Otherwise if the infection is viral medications can only be given to alleviate the symptoms. Although acute bronchitis is relatively common, some people are more prone to it than others.

Causes of acute bronchitis

illustration

Renal biopsy

In renal biopsy, a small sample of kidney tissue is removed with a needle. The test is sometimes used to evaluate a transplanted kidney. It is also used to evaluate an unexplained decrease in kidney function, persistent blood in the urine, or protein in the urine.

Renal biopsy

illustration

Renal veins

A renal venogram is a method used to examine the veins of the kidneys, using a contrast material and x-rays.

Renal veins

illustration

Osmolality urine - series

Presentation

Complete blood count - series

Presentation

White blood cell count - series

Presentation

Kidney transplant - series

Presentation

Kidney transplant - series

Presentation

Complete blood count - series

Presentation