Amelogenesis imperfecta
AI; Congenital enamel hypoplasiaAmelogenesis imperfecta is a tooth development disorder. It causes the tooth enamel to be thin and abnormally formed. Enamel is the outer layer of the visible crown portion of the teeth.
-
Causes
Amelogenesis imperfecta is passed down through families as a dominant trait. That means you only need to get the abnormal gene from one parent in order to get the disease.
-
Symptoms
The enamel of the tooth is soft and thin. The teeth appear yellow and are easily damaged. Both baby teeth and permanent teeth can be affected.
-
Exams and Tests
A dentist can identify and diagnose this condition.
-
Treatment
The treatment depends on how severe the problem is. Full crowns may be necessary to improve the appearance of the teeth and protect them from further damage. Eating a diet that is low in sugar and practicing very good oral hygiene can reduce the chance of developing cavities.
-
Outlook (Prognosis)
Treatment is often successful in protecting the teeth.
-
Possible Complications
The enamel is easily damaged, which affects the appearance of the teeth, especially if left untreated.
-
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Contact your dentist if you have symptoms of this condition.
References
Dhar VK. Development and developmental anomalies of the teeth. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, et al, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 22nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2025:chap 353.
National institute of health website. Amelogenesis imperfecta. rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/5791/amelogenesis-imperfecta. Updated August 2024. Accessed September 4, 2024.
Regezi JA, Sciubba JJ, Jordan RCK. Abnormalities of teeth. In: Regezi JA, Sciubba JJ, Jordan RCK, eds. Oral Pathology: Clinical Pathologic Correlations. 7th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017:chap 16.