Amelogenesis imperfecta
AI; Congenital enamel hypoplasiaAmelogenesis imperfecta is a tooth development disorder. It causes the tooth enamel to be thin and abnormally formed. Enamel is the outer layer of the coronal, or crown portion of the teeth.
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Causes
Amelogenesis imperfecta is passed down through families as a dominant trait. That means you only need to get the abnormal gene from one parent in order to get the disease.
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Symptoms
The enamel of the tooth is soft and thin. The teeth appear yellow and are easily damaged. Both baby teeth and permanent teeth can be affected.
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Exams and Tests
A dentist can identify and diagnose this condition.
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Treatment
The treatment depends on how severe the problem is. Full crowns may be necessary to improve the appearance of the teeth and protect them from further damage. Eating a diet that is low in sugar and practicing very good oral hygiene can reduce the chance of developing cavities.
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Outlook (Prognosis)
Treatment is often successful in protecting the teeth.
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Possible Complications
The enamel is easily damaged, which affects the appearance of the teeth, especially if left untreated.
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When to Contact a Medical Professional
Call your dentist if you have symptoms of this condition.
References
Dhar V. Development and developmental anomalies of the teeth. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 333.
National institute of health website. Amelogenesis imperfect. ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/amelogenesis-imperfecta. Updated August 18, 2020. Accessed April 6, 2022.
Regezi JA, Sciubba JJ, Jordan RCK. Abnormalities of teeth. In: Regezi JA, Sciubba JJ, Jordan RCK, eds. Oral Pathology. 7th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017:chap 16.