Anoscopy
Anal fissures - anoscopy; Anal polyps - anoscopy; Foreign object in the anus - anoscopy; Hemorrhoids - anoscopy; Anal warts - anoscopyAnoscopy is a method to look at the:
- Anus
- Anal canal
- Lower rectum
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How the Test is Performed
The procedure is usually done in a doctor's office.
A digital rectal exam is done first. Then, a lubricated instrument called an anoscope is placed a few inches or centimeters into the rectum. You will feel some discomfort when this is done.
The anoscope has a light on the end, so your health care provider can see the entire area. A sample for biopsy can be taken, if needed.
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How to Prepare for the Test
Often, there is no preparation needed. Or, you may receive a laxative, enema, or other preparation to empty your bowel. You should empty your bladder before the procedure.
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How the Test will Feel
There will be some discomfort during the procedure. You may feel the need to have a bowel movement. You may feel a pinch when a biopsy is taken.
You can usually return to normal activities after the procedure.
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Why the Test is Performed
This test may be used to determine whether you have:
- Anal fissures (small split or tear in the lining of the anus)
- Anal polyps (growth on the lining of the anus)
- Foreign object in the anus
- Hemorrhoids (swollen veins in the anus)
- Infection
- Inflammation
- Tumors
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Normal Results
The anal canal appears normal in size, color, and tone. There is no sign of:
- Bleeding
- Polyps
- Hemorrhoids
- Other abnormal tissue
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What Abnormal Results Mean
Abnormal results may include:
- Abscess (collection of pus in the anus)
- Fissures
- Foreign object in the anus
- Hemorrhoids
- Infection
- Inflammation
- Polyps (non-cancerous or cancerous)
- Tumors
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Risks
There are few risks. If a biopsy is needed, there is a slight risk for bleeding and mild pain.
References
Beard JM, Osborn J. Common office procedures. In: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, eds. Textbook of Family Medicine. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016:chap 28.
Downs JM, Kudlow B. Anal diseases. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 129.
Reynolds PL, Wilkins T. Anoscopy. In: Fowler GC, ed. Pfenninger and Fowler's Procedures for Primary Care. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 83.