Type 2 diabetes - what to ask your doctor
Type 2 diabetes, once diagnosed, is a lifelong disease that causes a high level of sugar (glucose) in your blood. It can damage your organs. It can also lead to a heart attack or stroke and many other health problems. You can take steps to control your symptoms, prevent damage due to diabetes, and make your life better.
Type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is a lifelong (chronic) disease in which there is a high level of sugar (glucose) in the blood. Type 2 diabetes is the most common f...
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A stroke occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain stops. A stroke is sometimes called a "brain attack. " If blood flow is cut off for longer th...
Read Article Now Book Mark ArticleBelow are questions you may want to ask your health care provider to help you take care of your diabetes.
Type II diabetes - Animation
Over the past several years, our collective diets have grown unhealthier, and our waistlines have expanded as a result. Doing so, we're putting ourselves at risk for a number of diseases, including type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is serious stuff, if it's not treated, it can lead to some pretty dangerous complications, including nerve and kidney damage. The good news is you can often avoid type 2 diabetes and its complications. You need sugar, or glucose, to keep your body running. Normally when you eat, your pancreas releases a hormone called insulin, which moves the sugar from food out of your blood and into your cells, where it can either be used for energy, or stored. But if you have type 2 diabetes, this system doesn't work as well as it should, in part because your cells have a harder time responding to insulin. As a result, sugar builds up in your blood. Why is that a problem? Well, that excess sugar can damage organs like your eyes and kidneys, and it can lead to complications like nerve damage and heart disease. Diabetes complications could leave you blind, lead to amputation of your toes or feet, and maybe even kill you. You can help prevent diabetes complications by keeping good control over your blood sugar, but first you need to know that you have type 2 diabetes. Sometimes it can be hard to tell because you may not have any symptoms at first. Being very thirsty, tired, or having to go to the bathroom a lot may be pretty good clues that you might have developed diabetes. Blurry vision might also be a clue. Your doctor can confirm it with a blood test. Once you know that you have diabetes, it's your job to keep it under control. You'll need to check your blood sugar at home and talk to your doctor about how to lower it with diet, exercise, and possibly medicine. To avoid serious complications, you'll need to see not just one doctor, but a team of health care professionals. That includes a podiatrist to check your feet, an ophthalmologist to check your eyes, and a dentist for cleanings and exams. Because type 2 diabetes increases your risk for heart disease, you'll also need to see your primary care doctor regularly to have your blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglycerides checked, and to make sure your kidneys are working as well as they should. Like any other disease, it's better to avoid getting type 2 diabetes then to have to treat it. If you're at risk because you're overweight or over age 45, ask your doctor for a blood sugar test at your next check-up. If you have already developed diabetes, you can help avoid complications by staying on top of your health, checking your blood sugars, eating a healthy diet, exercising, and seeing all of your specialists on schedule. Make your doctor a partner in your care. Call right away if you have any problems, like numbness or tingling in your legs or feet, blurry vision, extreme thirst, weakness, or fatigue.
Questions
Ask your provider to check the nerves, skin, and pulses in your feet. Also ask these questions:
Nerves
Nerve damage that occurs in people with diabetes is called diabetic neuropathy. This condition is a complication of diabetes.
Read Article Now Book Mark Article- How often should I check my feet? What should I do when I check them? What problems should I call my provider about?
Check my feet
Diabetes can damage the nerves and blood vessels in your feet. This damage can cause numbness and reduce feeling in your feet. As a result, your fe...
Read Article Now Book Mark Article - Who should trim my toenails? Is it OK if I trim them?
- How should I take care of my feet every day? What type of shoes and socks should I wear?
- Should I see a foot doctor (podiatrist)?
Ask your provider about getting exercise, including:
Exercise
Exercise is an important part of managing your diabetes. If you are obese or overweight, exercise can help you manage your weight.
Read Article Now Book Mark Article- Before I start, do I need to have my heart checked? My eyes? My feet?
- What type of exercise program should I do? What type of activities should I avoid?
- When should I check my blood sugar when I exercise? What should I bring with me when I exercise? Should I eat before or during exercise? Do I need to adjust my medicines when I exercise?
When should I next have an eye doctor (optometrist or ophthalmologist) check my eyes? What eye problems should I contact my eye doctor about?
Check my eyes
Diabetes can harm the eyes. It can damage the small blood vessels in the retina, the back part of your eye. This condition is called diabetic retin...
Read Article Now Book Mark ArticleAsk your provider about meeting with a dietitian. Questions for the dietitian may include:
- What foods increase my blood sugar the most?
- What foods can help me with my weight loss goals?
Ask your provider about your diabetes medicines:
- When should I take them?
- What should I do if I miss a dose?
- Are there any side effects?
How often should I check my blood sugar level at home? Should I do it at different times of the day? What is too low? What is too high? What should I do if my blood sugar is too low or too high?
Check my blood sugar level
When you have diabetes, you should have good control of your blood sugar (glucose). If your blood sugar is not controlled, serious health problems c...
Read Article Now Book Mark ArticleShould I get a medical alert bracelet or necklace? Should I have glucagon at home?
Ask your provider about symptoms that you are having if they have not been discussed. Tell your provider about blurred vision, skin changes, depression, reactions at injection sites, sexual dysfunction, tooth pain, muscle pain, or nausea.
Ask your provider about other tests you may need, such as cholesterol, HbA1C, and a urine and blood test to check for kidney problems.
HbA1C
A1C is a lab test that shows the average level of blood sugar (glucose) over the previous 3 months. It shows how well you are controlling your blood...
Read Article Now Book Mark ArticleAsk your provider about vaccinations you should have like the COVID-19 vaccine, flu shot, hepatitis B, or pneumococcal (pneumonia) vaccines.
COVID-19 vaccine
COVID-19 vaccines are used to prepare the body's immune system to protect against COVID-19. Everyone ages 6 months and older should get a 2024-2025 C...
Read Article Now Book Mark ArticleHow should I take care of my diabetes when I travel?
Ask your provider how you should take care of your diabetes when you are sick:
Sick
Waiting too long to get medical care when you are sick can lead to getting much sicker. When you have diabetes, a delay in getting care can be life ...
Read Article Now Book Mark Article- What should I eat or drink?
- How should I take my diabetes medicines?
- How often should I check my blood sugar?
- When should I contact the provider?
Reviewed By
Frank D. Brodkey, MD, FCCM, Associate Professor, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
Ahmann AJ, Riddle MC. Therapeutics of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In: Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Kopp PA, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 15th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2025:chap 34.
American Diabetes Association website. 4. Comprehensive medical evaluation and assessment of comorbidities: standards of care in diabetes-2024. diabetesjournals.org/care/article/47/Supplement_1/S52/153956/4-Comprehensive-Medical-Evaluation-and-Assessment. Accessed July 30, 2024.
Dhatariya KK, Umpierrez GE, Crandall JP. Diabetes mellitus. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 210.