Caloric stimulation
Caloric test; Bithermal caloric testing; Cold water calorics; Warm water calorics; Air caloric testingCaloric stimulation is a test that uses differences in temperature to diagnose damage to the acoustic nerve. This is the nerve that is involved in hearing and balance. The test also checks for damage to the brain stem.
How the Test is Performed
This test stimulates your acoustic nerve by delivering cold or warm water or air into your ear canal. When cold water or air enters your ear and the inner ear changes temperature, it should cause fast, side-to-side eye movements called nystagmus. The test is done in the following way:
Nystagmus
Nystagmus is a term to describe uncontrollable movements of the eyes that may be:Side to side (horizontal nystagmus)Up and down (vertical nystagmus)R...
Read Article Now Book Mark Article- Before the test, your ear, especially the eardrum, will be checked. This is to make sure it is normal.
- One ear is tested at a time.
- A small amount of cold water or air is gently delivered into one of your ears. Your eyes should show an involuntary movement called nystagmus. Then they should turn away from that ear and slowly back. If water is used, it is allowed to drain out of the ear canal.
- Next, a small amount of warm water or air is gently delivered into the same ear. Again, your eyes should show nystagmus. Then they should turn toward that ear and slowly back.
- Your other ear is tested in the same way.
During the test, the health care provider may observe your eyes directly. Most often, this test is done as part of another test called electronystagmography.
Electronystagmography
Electronystagmography is a test that looks at eye movements to see how well nerves in the brain are working. These nerves are:Vestibular nerve (eigh...
Read Article Now Book Mark ArticleHow to Prepare for the Test
Do not eat a heavy meal before the test. Avoid the following at least 24 hours before the test, because they can affect the results:
- Alcohol
- Allergy medicines
- Caffeine
- Sedatives
Do not stop taking your regular medicines without first talking to your provider.
How the Test will Feel
You may find the cold water or air in the ear uncomfortable. You may feel your eyes scanning back and forth during nystagmus. You may have vertigo, and sometimes, you may also have nausea. This lasts only a very short time. Vomiting is rare.
Vertigo
Dizziness is a term that is often used to describe 2 different symptoms: lightheadedness and vertigo. Lightheadedness is a feeling that you might fai...
Read Article Now Book Mark ArticleWhy the Test is Performed
This test may be used to find the cause of:
- Dizziness or vertigo
- Hearing loss that may be due to certain antibiotics or other drugs
It may also be done to look for brain damage in people who are in a coma.
Coma
Decreased alertness is a state of reduced awareness and is often a serious condition. A coma is the most severe state of decreased alertness from whi...
Read Article Now Book Mark ArticleNormal Results
Rapid, side-to-side eye movements should occur when cold or warm water is placed into the ear. The eye movements should be similar on both sides.
What Abnormal Results Mean
If the rapid, side-to-side eye movements do not occur even after ice cold water is given, there may be damage to the:
- Nerve of the inner ear
- Balance sensors of the inner ear
- Brain
Abnormal results may be due to:
- Poor blood supply to the ear
- Bleeding (hemorrhage)
- Blood clot
- Brain or brain stem damage
-
Cholesteatoma (a type of skin cyst in the middle ear and mastoid bone in the skull)
Cholesteatoma
Cholesteatoma is a type of skin cyst that is located in the middle ear and mastoid bone in the skull.
Read Article Now Book Mark Article - Birth defects of the ear structure or brain
- Damage to the ear nerves (from infections such as rubella or from medicines)
- Poisoning
- Stroke
- Trauma
The test may also be done to diagnose or rule out:
-
Acoustic neuroma (tumor of the acoustic nerve)
Acoustic neuroma
An acoustic neuroma is a slow-growing tumor of the nerve that connects the ear to the brain. This nerve is called the vestibular cochlear nerve. It...
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Benign positional vertigo (a type of dizziness)
Benign positional vertigo
Benign positional vertigo is the most common type of vertigo. Vertigo is the feeling that you are spinning or that everything is spinning around you...
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Labyrinthitis (irritation and swelling of the inner ear)
Labyrinthitis
Labyrinthitis is irritation and swelling of the inner ear. It can cause vertigo and hearing loss.
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Meniere disease (inner ear disorder that affects balance and hearing)
Meniere disease
Ménière disease is an inner ear disorder that affects balance and hearing.
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Risks
Too much water pressure can injure an already damaged eardrum. This rarely occurs because the amount of water to be used is measured.
Water caloric stimulation should not be done if the eardrum is torn (perforated). This is because it can cause an ear infection. It also should not be done during an episode of vertigo because it can make symptoms worse.
Ear infection
Otitis is a term for infection or inflammation of the ear.
Read Article Now Book Mark ArticleReferences
Baloh RW, Jen JC. Hearing and equilibrium. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 400.
Kerber KA, Baloh RW. Neuro-otology: diagnosis and management of neuro-otological disorders. In: Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, Newman NJ, eds. Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 22.
Review Date: 1/23/2023
Reviewed By: Joseph V. Campellone, MD, Department of Neurology, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.