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Sweating

Show Alternative Names
Perspiration

Sweating is the release of liquid from the body's sweat glands. This liquid contains salt. This process is also called perspiration.

Sweating helps your body stay cool. Sweat is commonly found under the arms, on the feet, and on the palms of the hands.

Sweating - Animation

There are more than two and a half million eccrine sweat glands all over the body. They lie deep in the skin and are connected to the surface by coiled tubes called ducts. Sweat (perspiration) is a liquid mixture made up of 99% water and 1% salt and fat. Up to a quart of liquid a day can evaporate through the sweat glands. As the body becomes overheated, a person sweats, which evaporates and cools the body. When a person becomes frightened or nervous, like being pinned under heavy weights, the body begins to sweat on the palms and forehead, as well as the soles of the feet and in the armpits. These are the sites where sweat glands are most abundant.

Considerations

The amount you sweat depends on how many sweat glands you have.

A person is born with about 2 to 4 million sweat glands, which begin to become fully active during puberty. Men's sweat glands tend to be more active.

Sweating is controlled by the autonomic nervous system. This is the part of the nervous system that is not under your control. Sweating is the body's natural way of regulating temperature.

Things that can make you sweat more include:

  • Hot weather
  • Exercise
  • Situations that make you nervous, angry, embarrassed, or afraid

Heavy sweating may also be a symptom of menopause (also called a "hot flash").

Causes

Causes may include:

  • Alcohol
  • Caffeine
  • Cancer
  • Complex regional pain syndrome
  • Emotional or stressful situations (anxiety)
  • Essential hyperhidrosis
  • Exercise
  • Fever
  • Infection
  • Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)
  • Medicines, such as thyroid hormone, morphine, drugs to reduce fever, and medicines to treat mental disorders
  • Menopause
  • Spicy foods (known as "gustatory sweating")
  • Warm temperatures
  • Withdrawal from alcohol, sedatives, or narcotic painkillers

Home Care

After sweating a lot, you should:

  • Drink plenty of fluids (water, or fluids containing electrolytes such as sports drinks) to replace sweat.
  • Lower room temperature a little bit to prevent more sweating.
  • Wash your face and body if the salt from sweat has dried on your skin.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Contact your health care provider if sweating occurs with:

  • Chest pain
  • Fever
  • Rapid, pounding heartbeat
  • Shortness of breath
  • Weight loss

These symptoms may indicate a problem, such as overactive thyroid or an infection.

Also contact your provider if:

  • You sweat a lot or sweating lasts for a long time or cannot be explained
  • Sweating occurs with or is followed by chest pain or pressure
  • You lose weight from sweating or often sweat during sleep
Review Date: 6/20/2023

Reviewed By

Jacob Berman, MD, MPH, Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

References

Chelimsky T, Chelimsky G. Disorders of the autonomic nervous system. In: Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, Newman NJ, eds. Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 107.

Hall JE, Hall ME. Body temperature regulation and fever. In: Hall JE, Hall ME, eds. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology. 14th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 74.

McGrath JA. The structure and function of skin. In: Calonje E, Brenn T, Lazar AJ, Billings SD, eds. McKee's Pathology of the Skin. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 1.

Disclaimer

The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. No warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, is made as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, or correctness of any translations made by a third-party service of the information provided herein into any other language. © 1997- A.D.A.M., a business unit of Ebix, Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.

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Sweating - Animation

A body has between two and four million sweat glands lying deep in the skin. They are connected to the surface by coiled tubes called ducts. You perspire constantly, even without exercise. Sweat is a liquid made from 99% water and 1% salt and fat. Up to a quart of sweat evaporates each day.

When your body becomes overheated, you sweat more. The evaporation of sweat from your skin cools your body down.

When you're frightened or nervous (imagine being pinned under heavy weights) you also sweat more. Your palms and forehead begin to sweat. So do the soles of your feet and your armpits. These are sites where sweat glands are most abundant.

 

Sweating - Animation

A body has between two and four million sweat glands lying deep in the skin. They are connected to the surface by coiled tubes called ducts. You perspire constantly, even without exercise. Sweat is a liquid made from 99% water and 1% salt and fat. Up to a quart of sweat evaporates each day.

When your body becomes overheated, you sweat more. The evaporation of sweat from your skin cools your body down.

When you're frightened or nervous (imagine being pinned under heavy weights) you also sweat more. Your palms and forehead begin to sweat. So do the soles of your feet and your armpits. These are sites where sweat glands are most abundant.

 
 
 
 

 

 
 
 
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