Cancer and lymph nodes
Lymph gland; Lymphadenopathy - cancerLymph nodes are part of the lymph system, a network of organs, nodes, ducts, and vessels that support the body's immune system.
Lymph system
The lymph system is a network of organs, lymph nodes, lymph ducts, and lymph vessels that make and move lymph from tissues to the bloodstream. The l...
Read Article Now Book Mark ArticleImmune system
The immune response is how your body recognizes and defends itself against bacteria, viruses, and substances that appear foreign and harmful....
Read Article Now Book Mark ArticleNodes are little filters throughout the body. The cells in lymph nodes help to destroy infection, such as from a virus, or harmful cells, such as cancer cells.
Cancer can spread to or start in lymph nodes.
Cancer
Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. Cancerous cells are also called malignant cells.
Read Article Now Book Mark ArticleHow Cancer Gets in the Lymph Nodes
Cancer can start in the lymph nodes. This is called lymphoma. There are several types of lymphomas, such as Hodgkin lymphoma or non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Hodgkin lymphoma
Hodgkin lymphoma is a cancer of lymph tissue. Lymph tissue is found in the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, bone marrow, and other sites.
Read Article Now Book Mark ArticleNon-Hodgkin lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is cancer of the lymph tissue. Lymph tissue is found in the lymph nodes, spleen, and other organs of the immune system. W...
Read Article Now Book Mark ArticleCancer cells can also spread to the lymph nodes from a cancer in any part of the body. This is called metastatic cancer. Cancer cells may leave a tumor in the body and travel to an area of lymph nodes. The cancer cells often travel to nodes near the tumor first.
How Cancer in Lymph Nodes is Found
Nodes swell as they work hard to fight cancer cells.
You or your health care provider may feel or see swollen lymph nodes if they are close to the surface of the skin, such as in the neck, groin, or underarms.
Keep in mind that many other things also can cause lymph nodes to swell. So having swollen lymph nodes does not mean you definitely have cancer.
Swollen lymph nodes
Lymph nodes are present throughout your body. They are an important part of your immune system. Lymph nodes help your body recognize and fight germ...
Read Article Now Book Mark ArticleWhen a provider suspects that cancer cells may be present in lymph nodes, certain tests may be performed to detect cancer, such as:
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Lymph node biopsy or removal
Lymph node biopsy
A lymph node biopsy is the removal of lymph node tissue for examination under a microscope. The lymph nodes are small glands that make white blood ce...
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B-cell leukemia/lymphoma panel on the lymph node
B-cell leukemia/lymphoma panel
B-cell leukemia/lymphoma panel is a blood test that looks for certain proteins on the surface of white blood cells called B-lymphocytes. The protein...
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What it Means When Cancer is Found
A node can have a small or large amount of cancer cells in it. There are hundreds of nodes throughout the body. Several clusters or only a few nodes may be affected. Nodes near or far from the primary tumor may be affected.
The location, amount of swelling, and number of nodes affected will often help determine the treatment plan. When cancer has spread to lymph nodes, it is in a more advanced stage.
The cancer in lymph nodes can be treated with:
- Surgery
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Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy
The term chemotherapy is used to describe cancer-killing drugs. Chemotherapy may be used to:Cure the cancerShrink the cancerPrevent the cancer from ...
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Radiation
Radiation
Radiation therapy uses high-powered radiation (such as x-rays or gamma rays), particles, or radioactive seeds to kill cancer cells.
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Removing Lymph Nodes
Surgical removal of lymph nodes is called lymphadenectomy. Surgery can help to get rid of the cancer before spreading further.
After nodes are removed, lymph fluid has fewer places to go. Sometimes back up of lymph fluid, or lymphedema, can occur.
Lymphedema
Lymphedema is the buildup of lymph in your body. Lymph is a fluid surrounding tissues. Lymph moves through vessels in the lymph system and into the...
Read Article Now Book Mark ArticleWhen to Call the Doctor
Contact your provider if you have questions or concerns about swollen lymph nodes or your cancer treatment.
References
Hall JE, Hall ME. The microcirculation and lymphatic system: capillary fluid exchange, interstitial fluid, and lymph flow. In: Hall JE, Hall ME, eds. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology. 14th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 16.
Weiser R, Klimberg VS. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy. In: Cameron J, ed. Current Surgical Therapy. 14th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:749-756.
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Review Date: 8/21/2024
Reviewed By: Warren Brenner, MD, Oncologist, Lynn Cancer Institute, Boca Raton, FL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.