Comprehensive metabolic panel
Metabolic panel - comprehensive; CMPA comprehensive metabolic panel is a group of blood tests. They provide an overall picture of your body's chemical balance and metabolism. Metabolism refers to all the physical and chemical processes in the body that use energy.
How the Test is Performed
A blood sample is needed.
Blood sample
Venipuncture is the collection of blood from a vein. It is most often done for laboratory testing.
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You should not eat or drink for 8 hours before the test.
How the Test will Feel
When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or a slight bruise. This soon goes away.
Why the Test is Performed
This test gives your health care provider information about:
- How your kidneys and liver are working
- Blood sugar and calcium levels
- Sodium, potassium, and chloride levels (called electrolytes)
Electrolytes
Electrolytes are minerals in your blood and other body fluids that carry an electric charge. Electrolytes affect how your body functions in many ways...
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Your provider may order this test to check you for side effects of medicines or for diabetes, liver, or kidney disease.
Normal Results
Normal values for the panel tests are:
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Albumin: 3.4 to 5.4 g/dL (34 to 54 g/L)
Albumin
Albumin is a protein made by the liver. A serum albumin test measures the amount of this protein in the clear liquid portion of the blood. Albumin c...
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Alkaline phosphatase: 20 to 130 U/L
Alkaline phosphatase
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a protein found in all body tissues. Tissues with higher amounts of ALP include the liver, bile ducts, and bone. A blo...
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ALT (alanine aminotransferase): 4 to 36 U/L
ALT
The alanine transaminase (ALT) blood test measures the level of the enzyme ALT in the blood.
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AST (aspartate aminotransferase): 8 to 33 U/L
AST
The aspartate aminotransferase (AST) blood test measures the level of the enzyme AST in the blood.
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BUN (blood urea nitrogen): 6 to 20 mg/dL (2.14 to 7.14 mmol/L)
BUN
BUN stands for blood urea nitrogen. Urea nitrogen is what forms when protein breaks down. A test can be done to measure the amount of urea nitrogen ...
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Calcium: 8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL (2.13 to 2.55 mmol/L)
Calcium
The calcium blood test measures the level of calcium in the blood. This article discusses the test to measure the total amount of calcium in your blo...
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Chloride: 96 to 106 mEq/L (96 to 106 mmol/L)
Chloride
Chloride is a type of electrolyte. It works with other electrolytes such as potassium, sodium, and carbon dioxide (CO2). These substances help keep...
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CO2 (carbon dioxide): 23 to 29 mEq/L (23 to 29 mmol/L)
CO2
CO2 is carbon dioxide. This article discusses the laboratory test to measure the amount of carbon dioxide in the liquid part of your blood, called t...
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Creatinine: 0.6 to 1.3 mg/dL (53 to 114.9 µmol/L)
Creatinine
The creatinine blood test measures the level of creatinine in the blood. This test is done to see how well your kidneys are working. Creatinine in t...
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Glucose: 70 to 100 mg/dL (3.9 to 5.6 mmol/L)
Glucose
A blood sugar test measures the amount of a sugar called glucose in a sample of your blood. Glucose is a major source of energy for most cells of the...
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Potassium: 3.7 to 5.2 mEq/L (3.70 to 5.20 mmol/L)
Potassium
This test measures the amount of potassium in the fluid portion (serum) of the blood. Potassium (K+) helps nerves and muscles communicate. It also ...
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Sodium: 135 to 145 mEq/L (135 to 145 mmol/L)
Sodium
The sodium blood test measures the concentration of sodium in the blood. Sodium can also be measured using a urine test.
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Total bilirubin: 0.1 to 1.2 mg/dL (2 to 21 µmol/L)
Total bilirubin
The bilirubin blood test measures the level of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellowish pigment found in bile, a fluid made by the liver. Bi...
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Total protein: 6.0 to 8.3 g/dL (60 to 83 g/L)
Total protein
The total protein test measures the total amount of two classes of proteins found in the fluid portion of your blood. These are albumin and globulin...
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Normal values for creatinine can vary with age.
Normal value ranges for all tests may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or may test different specimens. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results.
What Abnormal Results Mean
Abnormal results can be due to a variety of different medical conditions. These may include kidney disease, liver disease, breathing problems, and diabetes or diabetes complications.
Risks
There is little risk involved with having your blood taken. Veins and arteries vary in size from one person to another and from one side of the body to the other. Taking blood from some people may be more difficult than from others.
Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight but may include:
- Excessive bleeding
- Fainting or feeling lightheaded
- Multiple punctures to locate veins
- Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
- Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)
References
McPherson RA, Pincus MR. Disease/organ panels. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 24th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 7.
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Blood test - illustration
Blood is drawn from a vein (venipuncture), usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. A needle is inserted into the vein, and the blood is collected in an air-tight vial or a syringe. Preparation may vary depending on the specific test.
Blood test
illustration
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Blood test - illustration
Blood is drawn from a vein (venipuncture), usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. A needle is inserted into the vein, and the blood is collected in an air-tight vial or a syringe. Preparation may vary depending on the specific test.
Blood test
illustration
Review Date: 2/28/2023
Reviewed By: Jacob Berman, MD, MPH, Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.