BACK TOTOP Browse A-ZSearchBrowse A-ZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0-9 E-mail FormEmail ResultsName:Email address:Recipients Name:Recipients address:Message: Print-FriendlyBookmarksbookmarks-menuUrine chemistryChemistry - urineUrine chemistry is a group of one or more tests done to check the chemical content of a urine sample. How the Test is Performed For this test, a clean catch (midstream) urine sample is needed. Clean catch (midstream) urine sample A urine culture is a lab test to check for bacteria or other germs in a urine sample. It can be used to check for a urinary tract infection in adults...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Some tests require that you collect all of your urine for 24 hours.Your health care provider will order certain tests, which will be done on the urine sample in a lab. How to Prepare for the Test For detailed information about how to prepare for the test, how the test will feel, risks with the test, and normal and abnormal values, please see the test your provider ordered:24-hour urinary aldosterone excretion rate Urinary aldosteroneThe 24-hour urinary aldosterone excretion test measures the amount of aldosterone removed in the urine in a day. Aldosterone can also be measured wit...Read Article Now Book Mark Article 24-hour urine protein 24-hour urine proteinA 24-hour urine protein measures the amount of protein released in urine over a 24-hour period.Read Article Now Book Mark Article Acid loading test (pH) Acid loading test (pH)The acid loading test (pH) measures the ability of the kidneys to send acid to the urine when there is too much acid in the blood. This test involve...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Adrenalin - urine test Adrenalin - urine testCatecholamines are chemicals made by nerve tissue (including the brain) and the adrenal gland. The main types of catecholamines are dopamine, norepin...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Amylase - urine Amylase - urineThis is a test that measures the amount of amylase in urine. Amylase is an enzyme that helps digest carbohydrates. It is produced mainly in the pan...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Bilirubin - urine Bilirubin - urineBilirubin is a yellowish pigment found in bile, which is a fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. This article is about a lab tes...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Calcium - urine Calcium - urineThis test measures the amount of calcium in the urine. All cells need calcium in order to work. Calcium helps build strong bones and teeth. It is ...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Citric acid urine test Citric acid urine testCitric acid urine test measures the level of citric acid in urine.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Cortisol - urine Cortisol - urineThe cortisol urine test measures the level of cortisol in the urine. Cortisol is a glucocorticoid (steroid) hormone produced by the adrenal gland. C...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Creatinine - urine Creatinine - urineThe creatinine urine test measures the amount of creatinine in urine. This test is done to see how well your kidneys are working. Creatinine in the ...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Cytology exam of urine Cytology exam of urineA cytology exam of urine is a test used to detect cancer and other diseases of the urinary tract.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Dopamine - urine test Dopamine - urine testCatecholamines are chemicals made by nerve tissue (including the brain) and the adrenal gland. The main types of catecholamines are dopamine, norepin...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Electrolytes - urine Electrolytes - urineThe electrolytes - urine test measures specific chemicals called electrolytes in urine. It most often measures the levels of calcium, chloride, pota...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Epinephrine - urine test Epinephrine - urine testCatecholamines are chemicals made by nerve tissue (including the brain) and the adrenal gland. The main types of catecholamines are dopamine, norepin...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Glucose - urine Glucose - urine The glucose urine test measures the amount of sugar (glucose) in a urine sample. The presence of glucose in the urine is called glycosuria or gluco...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article HCG (qualitative - urine) HCG (qualitative - urine)This type of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG or hCG) test checks if there is a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin in your urine. HCG is a...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Homovanillic acid (HVA) Homovanillic acid (HVA)Catecholamines are chemicals made by nerve tissue (including the brain) and the adrenal gland. The main types of catecholamines are dopamine, norepin...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Immunoelectrophoresis - urine Immunoelectrophoresis - urineUrine immunoelectrophoresis is a lab test that measures immunoglobulins in a urine sample. Immunoglobulins are proteins that function as antibodies, ...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Immunofixation - urine Immunofixation - urineUrine immunofixation is a test to look for abnormal proteins in urine.Read Article Now Book Mark Article Ketones - urine Ketones - urineA ketone urine test measures the amount of ketones in the urine.Read Article Now Book Mark Article Leucine aminopeptidase - urine Leucine aminopeptidase - urineLeucine aminopeptidase is a type of protein called an enzyme. It is normally found in liver cells and cells of the small intestine. This test is us...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Myoglobin - urine Myoglobin - urineThe myoglobin urine test is done to detect the presence of myoglobin in urine. Myoglobin can also be measured with a blood test.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Norepinephrine - urine test Norepinephrine - urine testCatecholamines are chemicals made by nerve tissue (including the brain) and the adrenal gland. The main types of catecholamines are dopamine, norepin...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Normetanephrine NormetanephrineCatecholamines are chemicals made by nerve tissue (including the brain) and the adrenal gland. The main types of catecholamines are dopamine, norepin...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Osmolality - urine Osmolality - urineThe osmolality urine test measures the concentration of chemicals in urine. Osmolality in the blood can be measured using a blood test.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Porphyrins - urine Porphyrins - urinePorphyrins are natural chemicals in the body that help form many important substances in the body. One of these is hemoglobin, the protein in red bl...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Potassium - urine Potassium - urineThe potassium urine test measures the amount of potassium in the urine.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Protein electrophoresis - urine Protein electrophoresis - urineThe urine protein electrophoresis (UPEP) test is used to estimate how much of certain proteins are in the urine.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Protein - urine Protein - urineThe urine protein dipstick test measures the presence of all proteins, including albumin, in a urine sample. Albumin and protein can also be measured...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article RBC - urine RBC - urineThe RBC urine test measures the number of red blood cells in a urine sample.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Sodium - urine Sodium - urineThe sodium urine test measures the amount of sodium the urine. Sodium can also be measured in a blood sample.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Urea nitrogen - urine Urea nitrogen - urineUrine urea nitrogen is a test that measures the amount of urea in the urine. Urea is a waste product resulting from the breakdown of protein in the ...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Uric acid - urine Uric acid - urineThe uric acid urine test measures the level of uric acid in the urine. The uric acid blood level can be checked using a blood test.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Urinalysis UrinalysisUrinalysis is the physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine. It involves a number of tests to detect and measure various compounds th...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Urine Bence-Jones protein Urine Bence-Jones proteinThis test measures the level of abnormal proteins called Bence-Jones proteins in the urine.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Urinary casts Urinary castsUrinary casts are tiny tube-shaped particles that can be found when urine is examined under the microscope during a test called urinalysis. Urinary c...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Urine amino acids Urine amino acidsAminoaciduria is an abnormally high amount of amino acids in the urine. Amino acids are the building blocks for proteins in the body.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Urine concentration test Urine concentration testA urine concentration test measures the ability of the kidneys to conserve or excrete water.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Urine culture (catheterized specimen) Urine culture (catheterized specimen)Catheterized specimen urine culture is a laboratory test that looks for germs in a urine sample.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Urine culture (clean catch) Urine culture (clean catch)A urine culture is a lab test to check for bacteria or other germs in a urine sample. It can be used to check for a urinary tract infection in adults...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Urine dermatan sulfate Urine dermatan sulfateAcid mucopolysaccharides is a test that measures the amount of mucopolysaccharides released into the urine either during one episode or over a 24-hou...Read Article Now Book Mark Article Urine - hemoglobin Urine - hemoglobinHemoglobinuria test is a urine test that checks for hemoglobin in the urine.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Urine metanephrine Urine metanephrineCatecholamines are chemicals made by nerve tissue (including the brain) and the adrenal gland. The main types of catecholamines are dopamine, norepin...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Urine pH Urine pHA urine pH test measures the level of acid in urine.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Urine specific gravity Urine specific gravityUrine specific gravity is a laboratory test that shows the total concentration of all chemical particles in the urine.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)Catecholamines are chemicals made by nerve tissue (including the brain) and the adrenal gland. The main types of catecholamines are dopamine, norepin...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Normal Results Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results.Open ReferencesReferencesLandry DW, Bazari H. Approach to the patient with renal disease. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 106.Riley RS, McPherson RA. Basic examination of urine. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 24th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 29.AllVideoImagesTogUrine test - illustration Urine is the liquid waste product excreted by the kidneys. It is stored in the bladder until it is emptied out through the urethra.Urine testillustrationUrine test - illustration Urine is the liquid waste product excreted by the kidneys. It is stored in the bladder until it is emptied out through the urethra.Urine testillustration Tests for Urine chemistry Urine chemistryUrinalysisRelated Information Urinalysis(Medical Test) Review Date: 10/19/2022 Reviewed By: Walead Latif, MD, Nephrologist and Clinical Associate Professor, Rutgers Medical School, Newark, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. No warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, is made as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, or correctness of any translations made by a third-party service of the information provided herein into any other language. © 1997- A.D.A.M., a business unit of Ebix, Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited. © 1997- All rights reserved. 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Urine chemistryChemistry - urineUrine chemistry is a group of one or more tests done to check the chemical content of a urine sample. How the Test is Performed For this test, a clean catch (midstream) urine sample is needed. Clean catch (midstream) urine sample A urine culture is a lab test to check for bacteria or other germs in a urine sample. It can be used to check for a urinary tract infection in adults...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Some tests require that you collect all of your urine for 24 hours.Your health care provider will order certain tests, which will be done on the urine sample in a lab. How to Prepare for the Test For detailed information about how to prepare for the test, how the test will feel, risks with the test, and normal and abnormal values, please see the test your provider ordered:24-hour urinary aldosterone excretion rate Urinary aldosteroneThe 24-hour urinary aldosterone excretion test measures the amount of aldosterone removed in the urine in a day. Aldosterone can also be measured wit...Read Article Now Book Mark Article 24-hour urine protein 24-hour urine proteinA 24-hour urine protein measures the amount of protein released in urine over a 24-hour period.Read Article Now Book Mark Article Acid loading test (pH) Acid loading test (pH)The acid loading test (pH) measures the ability of the kidneys to send acid to the urine when there is too much acid in the blood. This test involve...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Adrenalin - urine test Adrenalin - urine testCatecholamines are chemicals made by nerve tissue (including the brain) and the adrenal gland. The main types of catecholamines are dopamine, norepin...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Amylase - urine Amylase - urineThis is a test that measures the amount of amylase in urine. Amylase is an enzyme that helps digest carbohydrates. It is produced mainly in the pan...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Bilirubin - urine Bilirubin - urineBilirubin is a yellowish pigment found in bile, which is a fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. This article is about a lab tes...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Calcium - urine Calcium - urineThis test measures the amount of calcium in the urine. All cells need calcium in order to work. Calcium helps build strong bones and teeth. It is ...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Citric acid urine test Citric acid urine testCitric acid urine test measures the level of citric acid in urine.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Cortisol - urine Cortisol - urineThe cortisol urine test measures the level of cortisol in the urine. Cortisol is a glucocorticoid (steroid) hormone produced by the adrenal gland. C...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Creatinine - urine Creatinine - urineThe creatinine urine test measures the amount of creatinine in urine. This test is done to see how well your kidneys are working. Creatinine in the ...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Cytology exam of urine Cytology exam of urineA cytology exam of urine is a test used to detect cancer and other diseases of the urinary tract.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Dopamine - urine test Dopamine - urine testCatecholamines are chemicals made by nerve tissue (including the brain) and the adrenal gland. The main types of catecholamines are dopamine, norepin...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Electrolytes - urine Electrolytes - urineThe electrolytes - urine test measures specific chemicals called electrolytes in urine. It most often measures the levels of calcium, chloride, pota...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Epinephrine - urine test Epinephrine - urine testCatecholamines are chemicals made by nerve tissue (including the brain) and the adrenal gland. The main types of catecholamines are dopamine, norepin...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Glucose - urine Glucose - urine The glucose urine test measures the amount of sugar (glucose) in a urine sample. The presence of glucose in the urine is called glycosuria or gluco...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article HCG (qualitative - urine) HCG (qualitative - urine)This type of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG or hCG) test checks if there is a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin in your urine. HCG is a...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Homovanillic acid (HVA) Homovanillic acid (HVA)Catecholamines are chemicals made by nerve tissue (including the brain) and the adrenal gland. The main types of catecholamines are dopamine, norepin...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Immunoelectrophoresis - urine Immunoelectrophoresis - urineUrine immunoelectrophoresis is a lab test that measures immunoglobulins in a urine sample. Immunoglobulins are proteins that function as antibodies, ...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Immunofixation - urine Immunofixation - urineUrine immunofixation is a test to look for abnormal proteins in urine.Read Article Now Book Mark Article Ketones - urine Ketones - urineA ketone urine test measures the amount of ketones in the urine.Read Article Now Book Mark Article Leucine aminopeptidase - urine Leucine aminopeptidase - urineLeucine aminopeptidase is a type of protein called an enzyme. It is normally found in liver cells and cells of the small intestine. This test is us...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Myoglobin - urine Myoglobin - urineThe myoglobin urine test is done to detect the presence of myoglobin in urine. Myoglobin can also be measured with a blood test.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Norepinephrine - urine test Norepinephrine - urine testCatecholamines are chemicals made by nerve tissue (including the brain) and the adrenal gland. The main types of catecholamines are dopamine, norepin...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Normetanephrine NormetanephrineCatecholamines are chemicals made by nerve tissue (including the brain) and the adrenal gland. The main types of catecholamines are dopamine, norepin...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Osmolality - urine Osmolality - urineThe osmolality urine test measures the concentration of chemicals in urine. Osmolality in the blood can be measured using a blood test.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Porphyrins - urine Porphyrins - urinePorphyrins are natural chemicals in the body that help form many important substances in the body. One of these is hemoglobin, the protein in red bl...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Potassium - urine Potassium - urineThe potassium urine test measures the amount of potassium in the urine.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Protein electrophoresis - urine Protein electrophoresis - urineThe urine protein electrophoresis (UPEP) test is used to estimate how much of certain proteins are in the urine.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Protein - urine Protein - urineThe urine protein dipstick test measures the presence of all proteins, including albumin, in a urine sample. Albumin and protein can also be measured...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article RBC - urine RBC - urineThe RBC urine test measures the number of red blood cells in a urine sample.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Sodium - urine Sodium - urineThe sodium urine test measures the amount of sodium the urine. Sodium can also be measured in a blood sample.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Urea nitrogen - urine Urea nitrogen - urineUrine urea nitrogen is a test that measures the amount of urea in the urine. Urea is a waste product resulting from the breakdown of protein in the ...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Uric acid - urine Uric acid - urineThe uric acid urine test measures the level of uric acid in the urine. The uric acid blood level can be checked using a blood test.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Urinalysis UrinalysisUrinalysis is the physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine. It involves a number of tests to detect and measure various compounds th...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Urine Bence-Jones protein Urine Bence-Jones proteinThis test measures the level of abnormal proteins called Bence-Jones proteins in the urine.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Urinary casts Urinary castsUrinary casts are tiny tube-shaped particles that can be found when urine is examined under the microscope during a test called urinalysis. Urinary c...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Urine amino acids Urine amino acidsAminoaciduria is an abnormally high amount of amino acids in the urine. Amino acids are the building blocks for proteins in the body.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Urine concentration test Urine concentration testA urine concentration test measures the ability of the kidneys to conserve or excrete water.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Urine culture (catheterized specimen) Urine culture (catheterized specimen)Catheterized specimen urine culture is a laboratory test that looks for germs in a urine sample.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Urine culture (clean catch) Urine culture (clean catch)A urine culture is a lab test to check for bacteria or other germs in a urine sample. It can be used to check for a urinary tract infection in adults...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Urine dermatan sulfate Urine dermatan sulfateAcid mucopolysaccharides is a test that measures the amount of mucopolysaccharides released into the urine either during one episode or over a 24-hou...Read Article Now Book Mark Article Urine - hemoglobin Urine - hemoglobinHemoglobinuria test is a urine test that checks for hemoglobin in the urine.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Urine metanephrine Urine metanephrineCatecholamines are chemicals made by nerve tissue (including the brain) and the adrenal gland. The main types of catecholamines are dopamine, norepin...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Urine pH Urine pHA urine pH test measures the level of acid in urine.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Urine specific gravity Urine specific gravityUrine specific gravity is a laboratory test that shows the total concentration of all chemical particles in the urine.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)Catecholamines are chemicals made by nerve tissue (including the brain) and the adrenal gland. The main types of catecholamines are dopamine, norepin...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Normal Results Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results.Open ReferencesReferencesLandry DW, Bazari H. Approach to the patient with renal disease. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 106.Riley RS, McPherson RA. Basic examination of urine. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 24th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 29.