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Short philtrum

A short philtrum is a shorter than normal distance between the upper lip and the nose.

Considerations

The philtrum is the groove that runs from the top of the lip to the nose.

The length of the philtrum is passed down from parents to their children through genes. This groove is shortened in people with certain conditions.

Causes

This condition can be caused by:

  • Chromosome 18q deletion syndrome
  • Cohen syndrome
  • DiGeorge syndrome
  • Oral-facial-digital syndrome (OFD)

Home Care

No home care is needed for a short philtrum, in most cases. However, if this is only one symptom of another disorder, follow your health care provider's instructions on how to care for the condition.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Contact your provider if you notice a short philtrum on your child.

What to Expect at Your Office Visit

An infant with a short philtrum may have other symptoms and signs. Taken together, these may define a specific syndrome or condition. The provider will diagnose that condition based on a family history, medical history, and physical exam.

Medical history questions may include:

  • Did you notice this when the child was born?
  • Have any other family members had this feature?
  • Have any other family members been diagnosed with a disorder associated with a short philtrum?
  • What other symptoms are present?

Tests to diagnose a short philtrum:

  • Chromosome studies
  • Enzyme tests
  • Metabolic studies on both mother and infant
  • X-rays

If your provider diagnosed a short philtrum, you may want to note that diagnosis in your personal medical record.

References

Madan-Khetarpal S, Arnold G, Ortiz D. Genetic disorders and dysmorphic conditions. In: Zitelli BJ, McIntire S, Nowalk AJ, Garrison J, eds. Zitelli and Davis' Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 1.

Sullivan KE, Buckley RH. Primary defects of cellular immunity. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 151.

  • The face - illustration

    The physical landmarks of the human face are very similar from one face to another.

    The face

    illustration

  • Philtrum - illustration

    The philtrum is the midline groove in the upper lip that runs from the top of the lip to the nose. The way the philtrum appears is determined genetically. In some syndromes this grove is shortened.

    Philtrum

    illustration

  • The face - illustration

    The physical landmarks of the human face are very similar from one face to another.

    The face

    illustration

  • Philtrum - illustration

    The philtrum is the midline groove in the upper lip that runs from the top of the lip to the nose. The way the philtrum appears is determined genetically. In some syndromes this grove is shortened.

    Philtrum

    illustration


Review Date: 2/24/2022

Reviewed By: Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

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