BACK
TO
TOP
Browse A-Z

Print-Friendly
Bookmarks
bookmarks-menu

Virilization

Virilization is a condition in which a female develops characteristics associated with male hormones (androgens), or when a newborn has characteristics of male hormone exposure at birth.

Information

Virilization may be caused by:

  • Excess testosterone production
  • Use of anabolic steroids (performance-enhancing or related to gender reassignment)

In newborn boys or girls, the condition may be caused by:

  • Certain medicines taken by the mother during pregnancy
  • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia in the baby or the mother
  • Other medical conditions in the mother (such as tumors of the ovaries or adrenal glands that release male hormones)

In girls who are going through puberty, the condition may be caused by:

  • Polycystic ovary syndrome
  • Certain medicines, or anabolic steroids
  • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
  • Tumors of the ovaries, or adrenal glands that release male hormones (androgens)

In adult women, the condition may be caused by:

  • Certain medicines, or anabolic steroids
  • Tumors of the ovaries or adrenal glands that release male hormones

Signs of virilization in a female often depend on the level of testosterone in the body.

Low level (common):

  • Thick, dark facial hair in the beard or mustache area
  • Increase in body hair
  • Oily skin or acne
  • Irregular menstrual periods

Moderate level (uncommon):

  • Male-pattern baldness
  • Loss of female fat distribution
  • Decreased breast size

High level (rare):

  • Enlargement of the clitoris
  • Deepening of the voice
  • Male muscle pattern

Tests may include:

  • Blood tests to detect excess testosterone or other androgen hormones in females
  • CT scan, MRI, or ultrasound to rule out tumors of the ovaries and adrenal glands

If virilization is caused by exposure to androgens (male hormones) in female adults, many of the symptoms go away when the hormones are stopped. However, deepening of the voice is a permanent effect of exposure to androgens.

References

Styne DM. Physiology and disorders of puberty. In: Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 14th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 26.

White PC. Sexual development and identity. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 220.

  • Hypothalamus hormone production - illustration

    The controlling hormones from the hypothalamus regulate hormone production by the pituitary. These hormones regulate body processes such as metabolism and control the release of hormones from glands like the thyroid, the adrenals, and the gonads (testes or ovaries).

    Hypothalamus hormone production

    illustration

  • Hypothalamus hormone production - illustration

    The controlling hormones from the hypothalamus regulate hormone production by the pituitary. These hormones regulate body processes such as metabolism and control the release of hormones from glands like the thyroid, the adrenals, and the gonads (testes or ovaries).

    Hypothalamus hormone production

    illustration

 

Review Date: 4/27/2023

Reviewed By: Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Clinical Professor, Department of Family Medicine, UW Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. No warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, is made as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, or correctness of any translations made by a third-party service of the information provided herein into any other language. © 1997- A.D.A.M., a business unit of Ebix, Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
© 1997- adam.comAll rights reserved.

 
 
 

 

 

A.D.A.M. content is best viewed in IE9 or above, Firefox and Google Chrome browser.
Content is best viewed in IE9 or above, Firefox and Google Chrome browser.