BACK TOTOP Browse A-ZSearchBrowse A-ZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0-9 E-mail FormEmail ResultsName:Email address:Recipients Name:Recipients address:Message: Print-FriendlyBookmarksbookmarks-menuHigh blood cholesterol levelsCholesterol - high; Lipid disorders; Hyperlipoproteinemia; Hyperlipidemia; Dyslipidemia; HypercholesterolemiaCholesterol is a fat (also called a lipid) that your body needs to work properly. Too much bad cholesterol in your blood can increase your chance of getting heart disease, stroke, and other problems.Heart diseaseCoronary heart disease is a narrowing of the blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is also called co...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article StrokeA stroke occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain stops. A stroke is sometimes called a "brain attack. " If blood flow is cut off for longer th...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Common medical terms for high blood cholesterol are lipid disorder, hyperlipidemia, or hypercholesterolemia, with the last being the most precise.Test Your Cholesterol KnowledgeWhat does a lipid profile (also called a lipid panel) measure? A. Total cholesterol B. LDL cholesterol C. HDL cholesterol D. Triglycerides E. All of the above Correct Answer The correct answer is all of the above. The test measures the level of these fats, or lipids, in your blood. Cholesterol is found in all parts of the body. Your body needs a little bit of cholesterol. But too much cholesterol can clog your arteries and lead to heart disease and stroke. Some cholesterol is considered "good" (HDL) and some is considered "bad" (LDL). Having high LDL cholesterol is healthy. A. True B. False Correct Answer The correct answer is false. When you have too much LDL, or "bad," cholesterol in your blood, it can build up on artery walls, causing them to become hard and narrow. The lower your LDL, the lower your risk for heart disease. Ask your doctor what your LDL level should be.Which type of cholesterol is called "good" cholesterol? A. HDL cholesterol B. LDL cholesterol Correct Answer The correct answer is HDL. HDL helps remove LDL cholesterol from artery walls. HDL levels of 60 mg/dL or above helps protect you from heart disease. HDL below 40 mg/dL for men and below 50 mg/dL for women can increase your risk for heart disease.Having high cholesterol and triglyceride levels increases your risk for: A. The buildup of fat, cholesterol, and other substances on your artery walls that makes them narrower (atherosclerosis) B. Heart attack C. Stroke D. All of the above Correct Answer The correct answer is all of the above. When plaque builds up on your artery walls, blood clots can form that block blood flow to the heart or brain, causing a heart attack or stroke. Talk with your doctor about how you can lower your risk for heart disease.Medicine is the only treatment for high cholesterol and triglycerides. A. True B. False Correct Answer The correct answer is false. Improving your health habits can lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Sometimes, lifestyle changes alone aren't enough, so your doctor may prescribe medicine.Which habits can lead to high cholesterol levels? A. Smoking B. Obesity C. Eating foods high in fat and cholesterol D. Not getting enough exercise E. High alcohol use F. All of the above Correct Answer The correct answer is all of the above. Family history, diabetes, and other medical problems also increase your risk. Ask your doctor about healthy changes you can make to help lower high cholesterol. If you are overweight, losing just 10 pounds can help lower cholesterol levels. A. True B. False Correct Answer The correct answer is true. To lose about one pound a week, eat about 500 fewer calories a day. You can lose weight by eating smaller portions. Also replace low-fiber, high-fat foods with lean meats and other proteins, whole grains, low-fat dairy products, and plenty of fruits and vegetables. Getting regular exercise can improve your cholesterol numbers. A. True B. False Correct Answer The correct answer is true. Exercising 30 minutes a day at least 5 days a week can help increase HDL levels. If you haven't been active, check with your doctor before starting to exercise. Start by walking just a few minutes several times a week. Build up to 30 minutes of brisk exercise 5 days a week. Heart-healthy fats include: A. Saturated fats and trans fats B. Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats Correct Answer The correct answer is monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats. They are found in fish, nuts, seeds, avocados, and olive, canola, corn, soy, and sunflower oils. Replacing saturated and trans fats with these healthy fats helps lower LDL and increase HDL. Omega-3s from fish help lower high triglycerides. Quitting smoking can help you: A. Increase your HDL, or "good," cholesterol B. Decrease your risk of a heart attack 24 hours after quitting C. Lower your risk of heart disease by half one year after quitting D. All of the above Correct Answer The correct answer is all of the above. Quitting isn't easy, but keep in mind that the more times you attempt to quit, the more likely you are to be successful. Causes There are many types of cholesterol. The ones talked about most are:Total cholesterol -- all the cholesterols combined High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol -- often called "good" cholesterol Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol -- often called "bad" cholesterol For many people, abnormal cholesterol levels are partly due to lifestyle choices. This often includes eating a diet that is high in fat. Other lifestyle factors are:Lifestyle choicesYour body needs cholesterol to work well. But cholesterol levels that are too high can harm you. In the US, blood cholesterol is most often measured...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Eating a diet that is high in fatA healthy diet is an important factor in reducing your risk for heart disease.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Being overweight OverweightOverweight and obesity mean having a weight than is higher than what is healthy for a given height. A person may be overweight from extra muscle, bo...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Lack of exercise Previous imagePlay SlideshowStop SlideshowNext image / Some health conditions can also lead to abnormal cholesterol, including: Diabetes DiabetesDiabetes is a long-term (chronic) disease in which the body cannot regulate the amount of sugar in the blood.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Kidney disease Kidney diseaseChronic kidney disease is the slow loss of kidney function over time. The main job of the kidneys is to remove wastes and excess water from the body...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Polycystic ovary syndrome Polycystic ovary syndromePolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition in which a woman has increased levels of male hormones (androgens). Many problems occur as a result ...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Pregnancy and other conditions that increase levels of female hormones Underactive thyroid glandUnderactive thyroid glandHypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone. This condition is often called underactive thyroid....ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Medicines such as certain birth control pills, diuretics (water pills), beta-blockers, and some medicines used to treat depression may also raise cholesterol levels. Several disorders that are passed down through families lead to abnormal cholesterol and triglyceride levels. They include: Familial combined hyperlipidemia Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia Familial hypercholesterolemia Familial hypertriglyceridemia Smoking does not cause higher cholesterol levels, but it can reduce your HDL (good) cholesterol. Exams and Tests Related video goes here for no-HTML5 browsersA cholesterol test is done to diagnose a lipid disorder. Different experts recommend different starting ages for adults.Recommended starting ages are between 20 to 35 for men and 20 to 45 for women. Adults with normal cholesterol levels should have the test repeated every 5 years. Repeat testing sooner if changes occur in lifestyle (including weight gain and diet). Adults with a history of elevated cholesterol, diabetes, kidney problems, heart disease, and other conditions require more frequent testing. Related video goes here for no-HTML5 browsersIt is important to work with your health care provider to set your cholesterol goals. Newer guidelines steer providers away from targeting specific levels of cholesterol. Instead, they recommend different treatments or medicines and doses depending on a person's history and risk factor profile. These guidelines change from time to time as more information from research studies becomes available.General targets are:LDL: 70 to 130 mg/dL (1.81 to 3.37 mmol/L) - lower numbers are better HDL: More than 60 mg/dL (1.55 mmol/L) or higher - higher numbers are better Total cholesterol: Less than 200 mg/dL (5.18 mmol/L) - lower numbers are better Triglycerides: 10 to 150 mg/dL (0.11 to 1.69 mmol/L) - lower numbers are betterPrevious imagePlay SlideshowStop SlideshowNext image / If your cholesterol results are abnormal, you may also have other tests such as: Blood sugar (glucose) test to look for diabetes Blood sugar (glucose) testA blood sugar test measures the amount of a sugar called glucose in a sample of your blood. Glucose is a major source of energy for most cells of the...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Kidney function tests Kidney function testsKidney function tests are common lab tests used to evaluate how well the kidneys are working. Such tests include:BUN (Blood urea nitrogen) Creatinin...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Thyroid function tests to look for an underactive thyroid gland Thyroid function testsThyroid function tests are used to check whether your thyroid is working normally. The most common thyroid function tests are:Free T4 (the main thyro...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Treatment Steps you can take to improve your cholesterol levels and to help prevent heart disease and a heart attack include:Quit smoking. This is the single biggest change you can make to reduce your risk of heart attack and stroke. Quit smokingThere are many ways to quit smoking. There are also resources to help you. Family members, friends, and co-workers may be supportive. But to be su...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Eat foods that are naturally low in fat. These include whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Use low-fat toppings, sauces, and dressings. Avoid foods that are high in saturated fat. Saturated fatSaturated fat is a type of dietary fat. It is one of the unhealthy fats, along with trans fat. These fats are most often solid at room temperature....ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Exercise regularly. Lose weight if you are overweight. Your provider may want you to take medicine for your cholesterol if lifestyle changes do not work. This will depend on:Your age Whether or not you have heart disease, diabetes, or other blood vessel problems Whether you smoke or are overweight Whether you have high blood pressure or diabetes High blood pressureBlood pressure is a measurement of the force exerted against the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps blood to your body. Hypertension is the ...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article You are more likely to need medicine to lower your cholesterol: Medicine to lower your cholesterolYour body needs cholesterol to work properly. But extra cholesterol in your blood causes deposits to build up on the inside walls of your blood vess...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article If you have heart disease or diabetes If you are at high risk for heart disease (even if you do not yet have any heart problems) If your LDL cholesterol is 190 mg/dL (4.92 mmol/L) or higher Almost everyone else may get health benefits from LDL cholesterol that is lower than 160 to 190 mg/dL (4.14 mmol/L to 4.92 mmol/L).There are several types of drugs to help lower blood cholesterol levels. The drugs work in different ways. Statins are one kind of drug that lowers cholesterol and has been proven to reduce the chance of heart disease. Other drugs are available if your risk is high and statins do not lower your cholesterol levels enough. These include ezetimibe and PCSK9 inhibitors. Outlook (Prognosis) High cholesterol levels can lead to hardening of the arteries, also called atherosclerosis. This occurs when fat, cholesterol, and other substances build up in the walls of arteries and form hard structures called plaques.Hardening of the arteriesAtherosclerosis, sometimes called "hardening of the arteries," occurs when fat, cholesterol, and other substances build up in the walls of arteries. ...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Previous imagePlay SlideshowStop SlideshowNext image / Over time, these plaques can block the arteries and cause heart disease, stroke, and other symptoms or problems throughout the body.Disorders that are passed down through families often lead to higher cholesterol levels that are harder to control. Open ReferencesReferencesArnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, et al. 2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2019;140(11):e563-e595. PMID: 30879339. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30879339/.Genest J, Mora S, Libby P. Lipoprotein disorders and cardiovascular disease. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Bhatt DL, Solomon SD, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 27.Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: executive summary; a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(24):3168-3209. PMID: 30423391 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30423391/.Robinson JG. Disorders of lipid metabolism. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 190.US Preventive Services Task Force website. Final recommendation statement. Statin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults: preventive medication. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/statin-use-in-adults-preventive-medication. Updated August 23, 2022. Accessed February 16, 2024.US Preventive Services Task Force website. Final recommendation statement. Lipid disorders in children and adolescents: Screening. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/lipid-disorders-in-children-screening. Updated July 18, 2023. Accessed February 16, 2024.AllVideoImagesTogCholesterol and triglyceride testAnimation Related video goes here for no-HTML5 browsersCholesterol and triglyceride test - Animation Maybe you've been eating fast food more often than you should, or you're not getting your recommended two-and-a-half hours of exercise each week. Or, it could be that you smoke, or your blood pressure is too high. Well, for whatever reason, you may be concerned about your risk of getting heart disease. Well, a few tests can help you learn that risk, so you can start making healthy lifestyle changes to reduce it. A coronary risk profile is a group of blood tests that measure your cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Why is it important to know these levels? Because if you have too much of these substances in your blood from eating foods like burgers and French fries, they can clog your arteries. Eventually your arteries can become so clogged that you'll have a heart attack or stroke. Men should have their cholesterol tested by the time they're 35. Women should have it checked by age 45. If you have a condition like diabetes, heart disease, stroke, or high blood pressure, have your cholesterol checked now, no matter what your age. To measure your cholesterol, your doctor will give you a blood test. If you're also having your triglyceride level checked, you may be told not to eat or drink anything for 8 to 12 hours before the test. Depending upon your heart risk, the doctor may measure just your total cholesterol level, or your total cholesterol along with your LDL, or bad cholesterol, HDL, or good cholesterol, and triglycerides. If you're of average risk of getting heart disease, your goal is to have total cholesterol of less than 200 milligrams per deciliter, LDL cholesterol lower than 130 milligrams per deciliter, HDL cholesterol higher than 40 milligrams per deciliter if you're a man, or 50 if you're a woman -- the higher the better, and triglycerides of less than 150 also, the lower the better. Although some illnesses, like arthritis, can raise your cholesterol level, generally having high cholesterol means that you're at increased risk for heart disease and stroke. It's a sign you need to work harder to keep your heart healthy. If your cholesterol levels are normal, that's great! That means that you're eating right, you're exercising, and you're taking good care of your health. You don't need to have another cholesterol test for about five years. But if your cholesterol level is high, or you've already got heart disease, high blood pressure, or diabetes, you'll need to have your cholesterol levels checked more often. Keeping close tabs on your cholesterol and triglyceride levels is one way that you can take charge of your health, and change it for the better.Understanding cholesterol resultsAnimation Related video goes here for no-HTML5 browsersUnderstanding cholesterol results - Animation LDL cholesterol has gotten a bad reputation, and for very good reason. Having too much of this fatty substance in your blood can clog up your arteries, preventing blood from getting to your heart and out to where it's needed in your body. Checking your LDL levels can help your doctor spot high cholesterol before it can cause a heart attack or stroke. Let's talk today about LDL tests. LDL stands for low-density lipoprotein. Lipoprotein is a type of protein that transports cholesterol, as well as fats called triglycerides and lipids, in your blood. When you eat too many fatty, cholesterol-rich foods, LDL cholesterol can start to collect in your artery walls. That's one collection you don't want, because if a chunk of that gunk breaks loose and gets lodged in a blood vessel, you could end up having a heart attack or stroke. To check your LDL cholesterol level, you'll need to have a blood test. Your doctor may tell you not to eat or drink anything for 8 to 12 hours before the test, so you can get an accurate reading. During the test, your doctor will draw blood from one of your veins. The needle might sting a little bit, but the feeling shouldn't last for any more than a few seconds. So, how do you know that you have high LDL cholesterol? Well, your LDL cholesterol level (think L for Lousy) will usually be measured along with your HDL, or good cholesterol (think H for Healthy), as well as your triglycerides and your total cholesterol level. Together, these measurements are called a lipid panel. You want your LDL level to be at least below 130 mg/dl, but ideally less than 100 milligrams per deciliter. If you're at high risk of heart disease, it should be even lower than that - less than 70 milligrams per deciliter. And for folks of average risk of getting heart disease, anything over 160 is considered a high LDL level. If you do have LDL cholesterol, you could be at risk for heart disease. Now, some folks have high cholesterol because they have an inherited condition that causes high cholesterol. If your LDL is low, it may be because you're not eating a well-balanced diet or your intestines aren't absorbing the nutrients from the foods that you eat. Ask your doctor how often you should have your LDL, and total cholesterol levels, checked. Depending upon your heart disease risks, you may need to be tested more often. If your LDL cholesterol is high, ask your doctor about cholesterol-lowering medications, diet, and other ways to bring it back down into a normal range.Cholesterol producers - illustration Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like material that is found in all parts of the body. It comes from two sources: our liver produces it, and we consume it in animal products.Cholesterol producersillustrationCoronary artery disease - illustration The coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle itself. Blood supply through these arteries is critical for the heart. Coronary artery disease usually results from the build-up of fatty material and plaque, a condition called atherosclerosis. As the coronary arteries narrow, the flow of blood to the heart can slow or stop, causing chest pain (stable angina), shortness of breath, heart attack, or other symptoms.Coronary artery diseaseillustrationCholesterol - illustration Cholesterol is a soft, waxy substance that is present in all parts of the body including the nervous system, skin, muscle, liver, intestines, and heart. It is made by the body and obtained from animal products in the diet. Cholesterol is manufactured in the liver and is needed for normal body functions including the production of hormones, bile acid, and Vitamin D. Excessive cholesterol in the blood contributes to atherosclerosis and subsequent heart disease. The risk of developing heart disease or atherosclerosis increases as the level of blood cholesterol increases.CholesterolillustrationDevelopmental process of atherosclerosis - illustration The development of arterial atherosclerosis may occur when deposits of cholesterol and plaque accumulate at a tear in the inner lining of an artery. As the deposits harden and occlude the arterial lumen, blood flow to distant tissues decreases and a clot may become lodged, completely blocking the artery.Developmental process of atherosclerosisillustrationCholesterol and triglyceride testAnimation Related video goes here for no-HTML5 browsersCholesterol and triglyceride test - Animation Maybe you've been eating fast food more often than you should, or you're not getting your recommended two-and-a-half hours of exercise each week. Or, it could be that you smoke, or your blood pressure is too high. Well, for whatever reason, you may be concerned about your risk of getting heart disease. Well, a few tests can help you learn that risk, so you can start making healthy lifestyle changes to reduce it. A coronary risk profile is a group of blood tests that measure your cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Why is it important to know these levels? Because if you have too much of these substances in your blood from eating foods like burgers and French fries, they can clog your arteries. Eventually your arteries can become so clogged that you'll have a heart attack or stroke. Men should have their cholesterol tested by the time they're 35. Women should have it checked by age 45. If you have a condition like diabetes, heart disease, stroke, or high blood pressure, have your cholesterol checked now, no matter what your age. To measure your cholesterol, your doctor will give you a blood test. If you're also having your triglyceride level checked, you may be told not to eat or drink anything for 8 to 12 hours before the test. Depending upon your heart risk, the doctor may measure just your total cholesterol level, or your total cholesterol along with your LDL, or bad cholesterol, HDL, or good cholesterol, and triglycerides. If you're of average risk of getting heart disease, your goal is to have total cholesterol of less than 200 milligrams per deciliter, LDL cholesterol lower than 130 milligrams per deciliter, HDL cholesterol higher than 40 milligrams per deciliter if you're a man, or 50 if you're a woman -- the higher the better, and triglycerides of less than 150 also, the lower the better. Although some illnesses, like arthritis, can raise your cholesterol level, generally having high cholesterol means that you're at increased risk for heart disease and stroke. It's a sign you need to work harder to keep your heart healthy. If your cholesterol levels are normal, that's great! That means that you're eating right, you're exercising, and you're taking good care of your health. You don't need to have another cholesterol test for about five years. But if your cholesterol level is high, or you've already got heart disease, high blood pressure, or diabetes, you'll need to have your cholesterol levels checked more often. Keeping close tabs on your cholesterol and triglyceride levels is one way that you can take charge of your health, and change it for the better.Understanding cholesterol resultsAnimation Related video goes here for no-HTML5 browsersUnderstanding cholesterol results - Animation LDL cholesterol has gotten a bad reputation, and for very good reason. Having too much of this fatty substance in your blood can clog up your arteries, preventing blood from getting to your heart and out to where it's needed in your body. Checking your LDL levels can help your doctor spot high cholesterol before it can cause a heart attack or stroke. Let's talk today about LDL tests. LDL stands for low-density lipoprotein. Lipoprotein is a type of protein that transports cholesterol, as well as fats called triglycerides and lipids, in your blood. When you eat too many fatty, cholesterol-rich foods, LDL cholesterol can start to collect in your artery walls. That's one collection you don't want, because if a chunk of that gunk breaks loose and gets lodged in a blood vessel, you could end up having a heart attack or stroke. To check your LDL cholesterol level, you'll need to have a blood test. Your doctor may tell you not to eat or drink anything for 8 to 12 hours before the test, so you can get an accurate reading. During the test, your doctor will draw blood from one of your veins. The needle might sting a little bit, but the feeling shouldn't last for any more than a few seconds. So, how do you know that you have high LDL cholesterol? Well, your LDL cholesterol level (think L for Lousy) will usually be measured along with your HDL, or good cholesterol (think H for Healthy), as well as your triglycerides and your total cholesterol level. Together, these measurements are called a lipid panel. You want your LDL level to be at least below 130 mg/dl, but ideally less than 100 milligrams per deciliter. If you're at high risk of heart disease, it should be even lower than that - less than 70 milligrams per deciliter. And for folks of average risk of getting heart disease, anything over 160 is considered a high LDL level. If you do have LDL cholesterol, you could be at risk for heart disease. Now, some folks have high cholesterol because they have an inherited condition that causes high cholesterol. If your LDL is low, it may be because you're not eating a well-balanced diet or your intestines aren't absorbing the nutrients from the foods that you eat. Ask your doctor how often you should have your LDL, and total cholesterol levels, checked. Depending upon your heart disease risks, you may need to be tested more often. If your LDL cholesterol is high, ask your doctor about cholesterol-lowering medications, diet, and other ways to bring it back down into a normal range.Cholesterol producers - illustration Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like material that is found in all parts of the body. It comes from two sources: our liver produces it, and we consume it in animal products.Cholesterol producersillustrationCoronary artery disease - illustration The coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle itself. Blood supply through these arteries is critical for the heart. Coronary artery disease usually results from the build-up of fatty material and plaque, a condition called atherosclerosis. As the coronary arteries narrow, the flow of blood to the heart can slow or stop, causing chest pain (stable angina), shortness of breath, heart attack, or other symptoms.Coronary artery diseaseillustrationCholesterol - illustration Cholesterol is a soft, waxy substance that is present in all parts of the body including the nervous system, skin, muscle, liver, intestines, and heart. It is made by the body and obtained from animal products in the diet. Cholesterol is manufactured in the liver and is needed for normal body functions including the production of hormones, bile acid, and Vitamin D. Excessive cholesterol in the blood contributes to atherosclerosis and subsequent heart disease. The risk of developing heart disease or atherosclerosis increases as the level of blood cholesterol increases.CholesterolillustrationDevelopmental process of atherosclerosis - illustration The development of arterial atherosclerosis may occur when deposits of cholesterol and plaque accumulate at a tear in the inner lining of an artery. As the deposits harden and occlude the arterial lumen, blood flow to distant tissues decreases and a clot may become lodged, completely blocking the artery.Developmental process of atherosclerosisillustrationA Closer Look Hypercholesterolemia(Alt. Medicine)Atherosclerosis(Alt. Medicine)Diabetes(Alt. Medicine)Cholesterol - InDepth(In-Depth)High blood pressure(Alt. Medicine)High blood pressure - InDepth(In-Depth)Myocardial infarction(Alt. Medicine)Diabetes - type 1 - InDepth(In-Depth)Stroke(Alt. Medicine)Diabetes - type 2 - InDepth(In-Depth)Self Care Cholesterol and lifestyleCholesterol testing and resultsCholesterol - drug treatmentBile acid sequestrants for cholesterolType 2 diabetes - self-careDietary fats explainedDiabetes - preventing heart attack and strokeLong-term complications of diabetesUnderstanding the DASH dietLiving with heart disease and angina Tests for High blood cholesterol levels Blood sugar testVLDL testTriglyceride levelApolipoprotein B100Protein electrophoresis - serumRelated Information Triglyceride level(Medical Test)Atherosclerosis(Condition)Hypothyroidism(Condition)Cushing syndrome(Condition)Acute kidney failure(Condition)Alcohol use and safe drinking(Special Topic)Overweight(Symptoms)Coronary heart disease(Condition)Stroke(Condition)Cholesterol - what to ask your doctor (Doctor Questions)Type 2 diabetes - what to ask your doctor(Doctor Questions)Cholesterol - drug treatment(Self-Care)Diabetes - preventing heart attack and stroke(Self-Care)Angina - discharge(Discharge)Heart attack – discharge(Discharge)Angioplasty and stent - heart - discharge (Discharge)Aspirin and heart disease(Self-Care)Being active after your heart attack(Self-Care)Being active when you have heart disease(Self-Care)Cholesterol - InDepth(In-Depth)Hypothyroidism - InDepth(In-Depth)Weight control and diet - InDepth(In-Depth) Review Date: 1/1/2023 Reviewed By: Michael A. Chen, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, WA. Internal review and update on 02/19/2024 by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. No warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, is made as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, or correctness of any translations made by a third-party service of the information provided herein into any other language. © 1997- A.D.A.M., a business unit of Ebix, Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited. © 1997- All rights reserved. A.D.A.M. content is best viewed in IE9 or above, Firefox and Google Chrome browser.Content is best viewed in IE9 or above, Firefox and Google Chrome browser.
High blood cholesterol levelsCholesterol - high; Lipid disorders; Hyperlipoproteinemia; Hyperlipidemia; Dyslipidemia; HypercholesterolemiaCholesterol is a fat (also called a lipid) that your body needs to work properly. Too much bad cholesterol in your blood can increase your chance of getting heart disease, stroke, and other problems.Heart diseaseCoronary heart disease is a narrowing of the blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is also called co...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article StrokeA stroke occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain stops. A stroke is sometimes called a "brain attack. " If blood flow is cut off for longer th...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Common medical terms for high blood cholesterol are lipid disorder, hyperlipidemia, or hypercholesterolemia, with the last being the most precise.Test Your Cholesterol KnowledgeWhat does a lipid profile (also called a lipid panel) measure? A. Total cholesterol B. LDL cholesterol C. HDL cholesterol D. Triglycerides E. All of the above Correct Answer The correct answer is all of the above. The test measures the level of these fats, or lipids, in your blood. Cholesterol is found in all parts of the body. Your body needs a little bit of cholesterol. But too much cholesterol can clog your arteries and lead to heart disease and stroke. Some cholesterol is considered "good" (HDL) and some is considered "bad" (LDL). Having high LDL cholesterol is healthy. A. True B. False Correct Answer The correct answer is false. When you have too much LDL, or "bad," cholesterol in your blood, it can build up on artery walls, causing them to become hard and narrow. The lower your LDL, the lower your risk for heart disease. Ask your doctor what your LDL level should be.Which type of cholesterol is called "good" cholesterol? A. HDL cholesterol B. LDL cholesterol Correct Answer The correct answer is HDL. HDL helps remove LDL cholesterol from artery walls. HDL levels of 60 mg/dL or above helps protect you from heart disease. HDL below 40 mg/dL for men and below 50 mg/dL for women can increase your risk for heart disease.Having high cholesterol and triglyceride levels increases your risk for: A. The buildup of fat, cholesterol, and other substances on your artery walls that makes them narrower (atherosclerosis) B. Heart attack C. Stroke D. All of the above Correct Answer The correct answer is all of the above. When plaque builds up on your artery walls, blood clots can form that block blood flow to the heart or brain, causing a heart attack or stroke. Talk with your doctor about how you can lower your risk for heart disease.Medicine is the only treatment for high cholesterol and triglycerides. A. True B. False Correct Answer The correct answer is false. Improving your health habits can lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Sometimes, lifestyle changes alone aren't enough, so your doctor may prescribe medicine.Which habits can lead to high cholesterol levels? A. Smoking B. Obesity C. Eating foods high in fat and cholesterol D. Not getting enough exercise E. High alcohol use F. All of the above Correct Answer The correct answer is all of the above. Family history, diabetes, and other medical problems also increase your risk. Ask your doctor about healthy changes you can make to help lower high cholesterol. If you are overweight, losing just 10 pounds can help lower cholesterol levels. A. True B. False Correct Answer The correct answer is true. To lose about one pound a week, eat about 500 fewer calories a day. You can lose weight by eating smaller portions. Also replace low-fiber, high-fat foods with lean meats and other proteins, whole grains, low-fat dairy products, and plenty of fruits and vegetables. Getting regular exercise can improve your cholesterol numbers. A. True B. False Correct Answer The correct answer is true. Exercising 30 minutes a day at least 5 days a week can help increase HDL levels. If you haven't been active, check with your doctor before starting to exercise. Start by walking just a few minutes several times a week. Build up to 30 minutes of brisk exercise 5 days a week. Heart-healthy fats include: A. Saturated fats and trans fats B. Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats Correct Answer The correct answer is monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats. They are found in fish, nuts, seeds, avocados, and olive, canola, corn, soy, and sunflower oils. Replacing saturated and trans fats with these healthy fats helps lower LDL and increase HDL. Omega-3s from fish help lower high triglycerides. Quitting smoking can help you: A. Increase your HDL, or "good," cholesterol B. Decrease your risk of a heart attack 24 hours after quitting C. Lower your risk of heart disease by half one year after quitting D. All of the above Correct Answer The correct answer is all of the above. Quitting isn't easy, but keep in mind that the more times you attempt to quit, the more likely you are to be successful. Causes There are many types of cholesterol. The ones talked about most are:Total cholesterol -- all the cholesterols combined High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol -- often called "good" cholesterol Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol -- often called "bad" cholesterol For many people, abnormal cholesterol levels are partly due to lifestyle choices. This often includes eating a diet that is high in fat. Other lifestyle factors are:Lifestyle choicesYour body needs cholesterol to work well. But cholesterol levels that are too high can harm you. In the US, blood cholesterol is most often measured...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Eating a diet that is high in fatA healthy diet is an important factor in reducing your risk for heart disease.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Being overweight OverweightOverweight and obesity mean having a weight than is higher than what is healthy for a given height. A person may be overweight from extra muscle, bo...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Lack of exercise Previous imagePlay SlideshowStop SlideshowNext image / Some health conditions can also lead to abnormal cholesterol, including: Diabetes DiabetesDiabetes is a long-term (chronic) disease in which the body cannot regulate the amount of sugar in the blood.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Kidney disease Kidney diseaseChronic kidney disease is the slow loss of kidney function over time. The main job of the kidneys is to remove wastes and excess water from the body...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Polycystic ovary syndrome Polycystic ovary syndromePolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition in which a woman has increased levels of male hormones (androgens). Many problems occur as a result ...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Pregnancy and other conditions that increase levels of female hormones Underactive thyroid glandUnderactive thyroid glandHypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone. This condition is often called underactive thyroid....ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Medicines such as certain birth control pills, diuretics (water pills), beta-blockers, and some medicines used to treat depression may also raise cholesterol levels. Several disorders that are passed down through families lead to abnormal cholesterol and triglyceride levels. They include: Familial combined hyperlipidemia Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia Familial hypercholesterolemia Familial hypertriglyceridemia Smoking does not cause higher cholesterol levels, but it can reduce your HDL (good) cholesterol. Exams and Tests Related video goes here for no-HTML5 browsersA cholesterol test is done to diagnose a lipid disorder. Different experts recommend different starting ages for adults.Recommended starting ages are between 20 to 35 for men and 20 to 45 for women. Adults with normal cholesterol levels should have the test repeated every 5 years. Repeat testing sooner if changes occur in lifestyle (including weight gain and diet). Adults with a history of elevated cholesterol, diabetes, kidney problems, heart disease, and other conditions require more frequent testing. Related video goes here for no-HTML5 browsersIt is important to work with your health care provider to set your cholesterol goals. Newer guidelines steer providers away from targeting specific levels of cholesterol. Instead, they recommend different treatments or medicines and doses depending on a person's history and risk factor profile. These guidelines change from time to time as more information from research studies becomes available.General targets are:LDL: 70 to 130 mg/dL (1.81 to 3.37 mmol/L) - lower numbers are better HDL: More than 60 mg/dL (1.55 mmol/L) or higher - higher numbers are better Total cholesterol: Less than 200 mg/dL (5.18 mmol/L) - lower numbers are better Triglycerides: 10 to 150 mg/dL (0.11 to 1.69 mmol/L) - lower numbers are betterPrevious imagePlay SlideshowStop SlideshowNext image / If your cholesterol results are abnormal, you may also have other tests such as: Blood sugar (glucose) test to look for diabetes Blood sugar (glucose) testA blood sugar test measures the amount of a sugar called glucose in a sample of your blood. Glucose is a major source of energy for most cells of the...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Kidney function tests Kidney function testsKidney function tests are common lab tests used to evaluate how well the kidneys are working. Such tests include:BUN (Blood urea nitrogen) Creatinin...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Thyroid function tests to look for an underactive thyroid gland Thyroid function testsThyroid function tests are used to check whether your thyroid is working normally. The most common thyroid function tests are:Free T4 (the main thyro...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Treatment Steps you can take to improve your cholesterol levels and to help prevent heart disease and a heart attack include:Quit smoking. This is the single biggest change you can make to reduce your risk of heart attack and stroke. Quit smokingThere are many ways to quit smoking. There are also resources to help you. Family members, friends, and co-workers may be supportive. But to be su...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Eat foods that are naturally low in fat. These include whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Use low-fat toppings, sauces, and dressings. Avoid foods that are high in saturated fat. Saturated fatSaturated fat is a type of dietary fat. It is one of the unhealthy fats, along with trans fat. These fats are most often solid at room temperature....ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Exercise regularly. Lose weight if you are overweight. Your provider may want you to take medicine for your cholesterol if lifestyle changes do not work. This will depend on:Your age Whether or not you have heart disease, diabetes, or other blood vessel problems Whether you smoke or are overweight Whether you have high blood pressure or diabetes High blood pressureBlood pressure is a measurement of the force exerted against the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps blood to your body. Hypertension is the ...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article You are more likely to need medicine to lower your cholesterol: Medicine to lower your cholesterolYour body needs cholesterol to work properly. But extra cholesterol in your blood causes deposits to build up on the inside walls of your blood vess...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article If you have heart disease or diabetes If you are at high risk for heart disease (even if you do not yet have any heart problems) If your LDL cholesterol is 190 mg/dL (4.92 mmol/L) or higher Almost everyone else may get health benefits from LDL cholesterol that is lower than 160 to 190 mg/dL (4.14 mmol/L to 4.92 mmol/L).There are several types of drugs to help lower blood cholesterol levels. The drugs work in different ways. Statins are one kind of drug that lowers cholesterol and has been proven to reduce the chance of heart disease. Other drugs are available if your risk is high and statins do not lower your cholesterol levels enough. These include ezetimibe and PCSK9 inhibitors. Outlook (Prognosis) High cholesterol levels can lead to hardening of the arteries, also called atherosclerosis. This occurs when fat, cholesterol, and other substances build up in the walls of arteries and form hard structures called plaques.Hardening of the arteriesAtherosclerosis, sometimes called "hardening of the arteries," occurs when fat, cholesterol, and other substances build up in the walls of arteries. ...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Previous imagePlay SlideshowStop SlideshowNext image / Over time, these plaques can block the arteries and cause heart disease, stroke, and other symptoms or problems throughout the body.Disorders that are passed down through families often lead to higher cholesterol levels that are harder to control. Open ReferencesReferencesArnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, et al. 2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2019;140(11):e563-e595. PMID: 30879339. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30879339/.Genest J, Mora S, Libby P. Lipoprotein disorders and cardiovascular disease. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Bhatt DL, Solomon SD, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 27.Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: executive summary; a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(24):3168-3209. PMID: 30423391 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30423391/.Robinson JG. Disorders of lipid metabolism. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 190.US Preventive Services Task Force website. Final recommendation statement. Statin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults: preventive medication. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/statin-use-in-adults-preventive-medication. Updated August 23, 2022. Accessed February 16, 2024.US Preventive Services Task Force website. Final recommendation statement. Lipid disorders in children and adolescents: Screening. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/lipid-disorders-in-children-screening. Updated July 18, 2023. Accessed February 16, 2024.