The penis is the male organ used for urination and sexual intercourse. The penis is located above the scrotum. It is made of spongy tissue and blood vessels.

The shaft of the penis surrounds the urethra and is connected to the pubic bone.

The foreskin covers the head (glans) of the penis. The foreskin is removed if the boy is circumcised. This is often done shortly after birth, but can be done later in life for various medical and religious reasons.

During puberty, the penis lengthens. The ability to ejaculate begins at around age 12 to 14. Ejaculation is the release of sperm-containing fluid from the penis during an orgasm.

Conditions of the penis include:

• Chordee -- downward curve of the penis
• Epispadias -- urethra opening is on the top of the penis, rather than the tip
• Hypospadias -- urethra opening is on the underside of the penis, rather than at the tip
• Palmatus or webbed penis -- penis is enclosed by the scrotum
• Peyronie disease -- a curve during an erection
• Buried penis -- penis is hidden by a pad of fat
• Micropenis -- penis does not develop and is small
• Erectile dysfunction -- inability to achieve or maintain an erection

Other related topics include:

• Ambiguous genitalia
• Penile prosthesis
• Priapism

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Ro JY, Divatia MK, Kim K-R, Amin MB, Ayala AG. Penis and scrotum. In: Cheng L, MacLennan GT, Bostwick DG, eds. Urologic Surgical Pathology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 15.