BACK TOTOP Browse A-ZSearchBrowse A-ZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0-9 E-mail FormEmail ResultsName:Email address:Recipients Name:Recipients address:Message: Print-FriendlyBookmarksbookmarks-menuBenign positional vertigoVertigo - positional; Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo; BPPV; Dizziness - positionalBenign positional vertigo is the most common type of vertigo. Vertigo is the feeling that you are spinning or that everything is spinning around you. It may occur when you move your head in a certain position. Causes Benign positional vertigo is also called benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). It is caused by a problem in the inner ear. The inner ear has fluid-filled tubes called semicircular canals. When you move, the fluid moves inside these tubes. The canals are very sensitive to any movement of the fluid. The sensation of the fluid moving in the tube tells your brain the position of your body. This helps you keep your balance.BPPV occurs when small pieces of bone-like calcium (called canaliths) break free and float inside the tube. This sends confusing messages to your brain about your body's position.BPPV has no major risk factors. But, your risk of developing BPPV may increase if you have:Family members with BPPV Had a prior head injury (even a slight bump to the head) Had an inner ear infection called labyrinthitisLabyrinthitisLabyrinthitis is irritation and swelling of the inner ear. It can cause vertigo and hearing loss.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Symptoms BPPV symptoms include any of the following:Feeling like you are spinning or moving Feeling like the world is spinning around you Loss of balance Nausea and vomiting Hearing loss Vision problems, such as a feeling that things are jumping or movingThe spinning sensation:Is usually triggered by moving your head Often starts suddenly Lasts a few seconds to minutesCertain positions can trigger the spinning feeling:Rolling over in bed Tilting your head up to look at something Exams and Tests Your health care provider will do a physical exam and ask about your medical history.To diagnose BPPV, your provider may perform a test called the Dix-Hallpike maneuver.Your provider holds your head in a certain position. Then you are asked to lie quickly backward over a table. As you do this, your provider will look for abnormal eye movements (called nystagmus) and ask if you feel like you are spinning. NystagmusNystagmus is a term to describe uncontrollable movements of the eyes that may be:Side to side (horizontal nystagmus)Up and down (vertical nystagmus)R...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article If this test doesn't show a clear result, you may be asked to do other tests. You may have brain and nervous system (neurological) tests to rule out other causes. These may include:Electronystagmography (ENG) ElectronystagmographyElectronystagmography is a test that looks at eye movements to see how well nerves in the brain are working. These nerves are:Vestibular nerve (eigh...Read Article Now Book Mark Article Head CT scan Head CTA head computed tomography (CT) scan uses many x-rays to create pictures of the head, including the skull, brain, eye sockets, and sinuses.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Head MRI scan Head MRIA head MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is an imaging test that uses powerful magnets and radio waves to create pictures of the brain and surrounding...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Hearing test Hearing testAn audiometry exam tests your ability to hear sounds. Sounds vary, based on their loudness (intensity) and the speed of sound wave vibrations (tone)...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Magnetic resonance angiography of the head Magnetic resonance angiographyMagnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is an MRI exam of the blood vessels. Unlike traditional angiography that involves placing a tube (catheter) int...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Warming and cooling the inner ear with water or air to test eye movements (caloric stimulation)Caloric stimulationCaloric stimulation is a test that uses differences in temperature to diagnose damage to the acoustic nerve. This is the nerve that is involved in h...Read Article Now Book Mark Article Treatment Your provider may perform a procedure called the Epley maneuver. It is a series of head movements to reposition the canaliths in your inner ear. The procedure may need to be repeated if symptoms come back, but this treatment works best to cure BPPV.Epley maneuverThe Epley maneuver is a series of head movements to relieve symptoms of benign positional vertigo. Benign positional vertigo is also called benign p...Read Article Now Book Mark Article Your provider may teach you other repositioning exercises that you can do at home, but may take longer than the Epley maneuver to work. Other exercises, such as balance therapy, may help some people.Some medicines can help relieve spinning sensations:Antihistamines Anticholinergics Sedative-hypnoticsBut, these medicines often do not work well for treating vertigo.Follow instructions on how to take care for yourself at home. To keep your symptoms from getting worse, avoid the positions that trigger it.Care for yourself at homeYou may have seen your health care provider because you have had benign positional vertigo. It is also called benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, ...Read Article Now Book Mark Article Outlook (Prognosis) BPPV is uncomfortable, but it can usually be treated with the Epley maneuver. It may come back again without warning. Possible Complications People with severe vertigo may get dehydrated due to frequent vomiting. When to Contact a Medical Professional Contact your provider if:You develop vertigo. Treatment for vertigo doesn't work.Get medical help right away if you also have symptoms such as:Weakness Slurred speech Vision problems These may be signs of a more serious condition. Prevention Avoid head positions that trigger positional vertigo.Open ReferencesReferencesBaloh RW, Jen JC. Hearing and equilibrium. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 396.Bhattacharyya N, Gubbels SP, Schwartz SR, et al; American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. Clinical practice guideline: benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (update). Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017;156(3_Suppl):S1-S47. PMID: 28248609 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28248609/.Crane BT, Minor LB. Peripheral vestibular disorders. In: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 167.AllVideoImagesTogVertigo - illustration Rotational head movements cause the fluid in the cupula of the semicircular canal to bend the hair cells. The hair cells, in turn, send a signal to your brain that you are experiencing motion. Vertigo can occur when these hair cells are still sending signals of motion, even though you may be perfectly still, giving you the illusion of movement.VertigoillustrationVertigo - illustration Rotational head movements cause the fluid in the cupula of the semicircular canal to bend the hair cells. The hair cells, in turn, send a signal to your brain that you are experiencing motion. Vertigo can occur when these hair cells are still sending signals of motion, even though you may be perfectly still, giving you the illusion of movement.VertigoillustrationSelf Care Benign positional vertigo - aftercareDizziness and vertigo - aftercareRelated Information Dizziness(Symptoms) Review Date: 8/28/2023 Reviewed By: Joseph V. Campellone, MD, Department of Neurology, Cooper Medical School at Rowan University, Camden, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. No warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, is made as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, or correctness of any translations made by a third-party service of the information provided herein into any other language. © 1997- A.D.A.M., a business unit of Ebix, Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited. © 1997- All rights reserved. A.D.A.M. content is best viewed in IE9 or above, Firefox and Google Chrome browser.Content is best viewed in IE9 or above, Firefox and Google Chrome browser.
Benign positional vertigoVertigo - positional; Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo; BPPV; Dizziness - positionalBenign positional vertigo is the most common type of vertigo. Vertigo is the feeling that you are spinning or that everything is spinning around you. It may occur when you move your head in a certain position. Causes Benign positional vertigo is also called benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). It is caused by a problem in the inner ear. The inner ear has fluid-filled tubes called semicircular canals. When you move, the fluid moves inside these tubes. The canals are very sensitive to any movement of the fluid. The sensation of the fluid moving in the tube tells your brain the position of your body. This helps you keep your balance.BPPV occurs when small pieces of bone-like calcium (called canaliths) break free and float inside the tube. This sends confusing messages to your brain about your body's position.BPPV has no major risk factors. But, your risk of developing BPPV may increase if you have:Family members with BPPV Had a prior head injury (even a slight bump to the head) Had an inner ear infection called labyrinthitisLabyrinthitisLabyrinthitis is irritation and swelling of the inner ear. It can cause vertigo and hearing loss.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Symptoms BPPV symptoms include any of the following:Feeling like you are spinning or moving Feeling like the world is spinning around you Loss of balance Nausea and vomiting Hearing loss Vision problems, such as a feeling that things are jumping or movingThe spinning sensation:Is usually triggered by moving your head Often starts suddenly Lasts a few seconds to minutesCertain positions can trigger the spinning feeling:Rolling over in bed Tilting your head up to look at something Exams and Tests Your health care provider will do a physical exam and ask about your medical history.To diagnose BPPV, your provider may perform a test called the Dix-Hallpike maneuver.Your provider holds your head in a certain position. Then you are asked to lie quickly backward over a table. As you do this, your provider will look for abnormal eye movements (called nystagmus) and ask if you feel like you are spinning. NystagmusNystagmus is a term to describe uncontrollable movements of the eyes that may be:Side to side (horizontal nystagmus)Up and down (vertical nystagmus)R...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article If this test doesn't show a clear result, you may be asked to do other tests. You may have brain and nervous system (neurological) tests to rule out other causes. These may include:Electronystagmography (ENG) ElectronystagmographyElectronystagmography is a test that looks at eye movements to see how well nerves in the brain are working. These nerves are:Vestibular nerve (eigh...Read Article Now Book Mark Article Head CT scan Head CTA head computed tomography (CT) scan uses many x-rays to create pictures of the head, including the skull, brain, eye sockets, and sinuses.ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Head MRI scan Head MRIA head MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is an imaging test that uses powerful magnets and radio waves to create pictures of the brain and surrounding...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Hearing test Hearing testAn audiometry exam tests your ability to hear sounds. Sounds vary, based on their loudness (intensity) and the speed of sound wave vibrations (tone)...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Magnetic resonance angiography of the head Magnetic resonance angiographyMagnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is an MRI exam of the blood vessels. Unlike traditional angiography that involves placing a tube (catheter) int...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Warming and cooling the inner ear with water or air to test eye movements (caloric stimulation)Caloric stimulationCaloric stimulation is a test that uses differences in temperature to diagnose damage to the acoustic nerve. This is the nerve that is involved in h...Read Article Now Book Mark Article Treatment Your provider may perform a procedure called the Epley maneuver. It is a series of head movements to reposition the canaliths in your inner ear. The procedure may need to be repeated if symptoms come back, but this treatment works best to cure BPPV.Epley maneuverThe Epley maneuver is a series of head movements to relieve symptoms of benign positional vertigo. Benign positional vertigo is also called benign p...Read Article Now Book Mark Article Your provider may teach you other repositioning exercises that you can do at home, but may take longer than the Epley maneuver to work. Other exercises, such as balance therapy, may help some people.Some medicines can help relieve spinning sensations:Antihistamines Anticholinergics Sedative-hypnoticsBut, these medicines often do not work well for treating vertigo.Follow instructions on how to take care for yourself at home. To keep your symptoms from getting worse, avoid the positions that trigger it.Care for yourself at homeYou may have seen your health care provider because you have had benign positional vertigo. It is also called benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, ...Read Article Now Book Mark Article Outlook (Prognosis) BPPV is uncomfortable, but it can usually be treated with the Epley maneuver. It may come back again without warning. Possible Complications People with severe vertigo may get dehydrated due to frequent vomiting. When to Contact a Medical Professional Contact your provider if:You develop vertigo. Treatment for vertigo doesn't work.Get medical help right away if you also have symptoms such as:Weakness Slurred speech Vision problems These may be signs of a more serious condition. Prevention Avoid head positions that trigger positional vertigo.Open ReferencesReferencesBaloh RW, Jen JC. Hearing and equilibrium. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 396.Bhattacharyya N, Gubbels SP, Schwartz SR, et al; American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. Clinical practice guideline: benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (update). Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017;156(3_Suppl):S1-S47. PMID: 28248609 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28248609/.Crane BT, Minor LB. Peripheral vestibular disorders. In: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 167.