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Organic mental disorder (OMS); Organic brain syndrome DefinitionNeurocognitive disorder is a general term that describes decreased mental function due to a medical disease other than a psychiatric illness. Neurocognitive disorders are grouped into three subcategories:
CausesListed below are conditions associated with neurocognitive disorder. BRAIN INJURY CAUSED BY TRAUMA
BREATHING CONDITIONS
CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS
DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS
DEMENTIA DUE TO METABOLIC CAUSES
DRUG AND ALCOHOL-RELATED CONDITIONS
INFECTIONS
Complications of cancer and cancer treatment with chemotherapy can also lead to neurocognitive disorder. Other conditions that may mimic organic brain syndrome include:
SymptomsSymptoms can differ based on the disease. In general, organic brain syndrome causes:
Exams and TestsTests depend on the disorder, but may include:
TreatmentTreatment depends on the underlying condition. Many conditions are treated mainly with rehabilitation and supportive care to help the person with activities lost due to areas where brain function is affected. Medicines may be needed to reduce aggressive behaviors that can occur with some of the conditions. Outlook (Prognosis)Some disorders are short-term and reversible. But many are long-term or get worse over time. Possible ComplicationsPeople with neurocognitive disorder often lose the ability to interact with others or function on their own. When to Contact a Medical ProfessionalContact your health care provider if:
ReferencesBeck BJ, Tompkins KJ. Mental disorders due to another medical condition. In: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, eds. Massachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016:chap 21. Fernandez-Robles C, Greenberg DB, Pirl WF. Psycho-oncology: Psychiatric co-morbidities and complications of cancer and cancer treatment. In: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, eds. Massachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016:chap 56. Merrick ST, Jones S, Glesby MJ. Systemic manifestations of HIV/AIDS. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 366. | ||
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Review Date: 1/23/2022 Reviewed By: Joseph V. Campellone, MD, Department of Neurology, Cooper Medical School at Rowan University, Camden, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. No warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, is made as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, or correctness of any translations made by a third-party service of the information provided herein into any other language. © 1997- A.D.A.M., a business unit of Ebix, Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited. | ||
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