BACK TOTOP Browse A-ZSearchBrowse A-ZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0-9 E-mail FormEmail ResultsName:Email address:Recipients Name:Recipients address:Message: Print-FriendlyBookmarksbookmarks-menuFetal alcohol syndromeAlcohol in pregnancy; Alcohol-related birth defects; Fetal alcohol effects; FAS; Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders; Alcohol abuse - fetal alcohol; Alcoholism - fetal alcoholFetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a collection of growth, mental, and physical problems that may occur in a baby when a mother drinks alcohol during pregnancy. Causes Using alcohol during pregnancy can cause the same risks as using alcohol in general. But it poses extra risks to the unborn baby. When a pregnant woman drinks alcohol, it easily passes across the placenta to the fetus. Because of this, drinking alcohol can harm the unborn baby.There is no "safe" level of alcohol use during pregnancy. Larger amounts of alcohol appear to increase the problems. Binge drinking is more harmful than drinking small amounts of alcohol.Timing of alcohol use during pregnancy is also important. Drinking alcohol is likely most harmful during the first 3 months of pregnancy. But drinking alcohol any time during pregnancy can be harmful. Symptoms A baby with FAS may have the following symptoms:Poor growth while the baby is in the womb and after birth Decreased muscle tone and poor coordination Delayed developmental milestones Developmental milestonesDevelopmental milestones are behaviors or physical skills seen in infants and children as they grow and develop. Rolling over, crawling, walking, an...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Vision difficulties, such as nearsightedness (myopia) Hyperactivity Anxiety Extreme nervousness Short attention span Exams and Tests A physical exam of the baby may show a heart murmur or other heart problems. A common defect is a hole in the wall that separates the right and left lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart.Heart murmurA heart murmur is a blowing, whooshing, or rasping sound heard during a heartbeat. The sound is caused by turbulent (rough) blood flow through the h...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article There also may be problems with the face and bones. These may include:Narrow and small eyes Small head and upper jaw Smooth groove in the upper lip, smooth and thin upper lip Deformed ears Flat, short, and upturned nose Ptosis (drooping of upper eyelids)Tests that may be done include:Blood alcohol level in pregnant women who show signs of being drunk (intoxicated) Brain imaging studies (CT or MRI) after the child is born Pregnancy ultrasoundPregnancy ultrasoundA pregnancy ultrasound is an imaging test that uses sound waves to create a picture of how a baby is developing in the womb (uterus). It is also use...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Treatment Women who are pregnant or who are trying to get pregnant should not drink any amount of alcohol. Pregnant women with alcohol use disorder should join a rehabilitation program and be checked closely by a health care provider throughout pregnancy. Outlook (Prognosis) The outcome for infants with FAS varies. Almost none of these babies have normal brain development.Infants and children with FAS have many different problems, which can be difficult to manage. Children do best if they are diagnosed early and referred to a team of providers who can work on educational and behavioral strategies that fit the child's needs. When to Contact a Medical Professional Contact your provider for an appointment if you are drinking alcohol regularly or heavily, and are finding it difficult to cut back or stop. Also contact your provider if you are drinking alcohol in any amount while you are pregnant or trying to get pregnant. Prevention Avoiding alcohol during pregnancy prevents FAS. Counseling can help women who have already had a child with FAS.Sexually active women who drink heavily should use birth control and control their drinking behaviors, or stop using alcohol before trying to get pregnant.Open ReferencesReferencesHoyme HE, Kalberg WO, Elliott AJ, et al. Updated clinical guidelines for diagnosing fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Pediatrics. 2016;138(2):e20154256. PMID: 27464676 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27464676/.Weber RJ, Jauniaux ERM. Drugs and environmental agents in pregnancy and lactation: teratology, epidemiology, and patient management. In: Landon MB, Galan HL, Jauniaux ERM, et al, eds. Gabbe's Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 7.Wozniak JR, Riley EP, Charness ME. Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Lancet Neurol. 2019;18(8):760-770. PMID: 31160204 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31160204/.AllVideoImagesTogSingle palmar crease - illustration There are typically two creases in the palm, but in some people, only one crease is present. A single palmar crease occurs in about 1 out of 30 people, but is also frequently associated with other conditions such as Down syndrome, Aarskog syndrome or fetal alcohol syndrome. Single palmar creaseillustrationFetal alcohol syndrome - illustration Infants born to mothers who drink, even in modest amounts, may be born with fetal alcohol syndrome, which often consists of growth retardation, unusual facial features, and intellectual disability.Fetal alcohol syndromeillustrationSingle palmar crease - illustration There are typically two creases in the palm, but in some people, only one crease is present. A single palmar crease occurs in about 1 out of 30 people, but is also frequently associated with other conditions such as Down syndrome, Aarskog syndrome or fetal alcohol syndrome. Single palmar creaseillustrationFetal alcohol syndrome - illustration Infants born to mothers who drink, even in modest amounts, may be born with fetal alcohol syndrome, which often consists of growth retardation, unusual facial features, and intellectual disability.Fetal alcohol syndromeillustrationA Closer Look Alcohol use disorders - InDepth(In-Depth)Alcoholism(Alt. Medicine)Self Care Health risks of alcohol use Tests for Fetal alcohol syndrome Toxicology screenRelated Information Alcohol use and safe drinking(Special Topic)Head circumference(Special Topic)Epicanthal folds(Symptoms)Ventricular septal defect(Condition)Atrial septal defect (ASD)(Condition)Miscarriage(Condition) Review Date: 7/28/2022 Reviewed By: Charles I. Schwartz MD, FAAP, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, General Pediatrician at PennCare for Kids, Phoenixville, PA. Also reviewed by David C. 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Fetal alcohol syndromeAlcohol in pregnancy; Alcohol-related birth defects; Fetal alcohol effects; FAS; Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders; Alcohol abuse - fetal alcohol; Alcoholism - fetal alcoholFetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a collection of growth, mental, and physical problems that may occur in a baby when a mother drinks alcohol during pregnancy. Causes Using alcohol during pregnancy can cause the same risks as using alcohol in general. But it poses extra risks to the unborn baby. When a pregnant woman drinks alcohol, it easily passes across the placenta to the fetus. Because of this, drinking alcohol can harm the unborn baby.There is no "safe" level of alcohol use during pregnancy. Larger amounts of alcohol appear to increase the problems. Binge drinking is more harmful than drinking small amounts of alcohol.Timing of alcohol use during pregnancy is also important. Drinking alcohol is likely most harmful during the first 3 months of pregnancy. But drinking alcohol any time during pregnancy can be harmful. Symptoms A baby with FAS may have the following symptoms:Poor growth while the baby is in the womb and after birth Decreased muscle tone and poor coordination Delayed developmental milestones Developmental milestonesDevelopmental milestones are behaviors or physical skills seen in infants and children as they grow and develop. Rolling over, crawling, walking, an...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Vision difficulties, such as nearsightedness (myopia) Hyperactivity Anxiety Extreme nervousness Short attention span Exams and Tests A physical exam of the baby may show a heart murmur or other heart problems. A common defect is a hole in the wall that separates the right and left lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart.Heart murmurA heart murmur is a blowing, whooshing, or rasping sound heard during a heartbeat. The sound is caused by turbulent (rough) blood flow through the h...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article There also may be problems with the face and bones. These may include:Narrow and small eyes Small head and upper jaw Smooth groove in the upper lip, smooth and thin upper lip Deformed ears Flat, short, and upturned nose Ptosis (drooping of upper eyelids)Tests that may be done include:Blood alcohol level in pregnant women who show signs of being drunk (intoxicated) Brain imaging studies (CT or MRI) after the child is born Pregnancy ultrasoundPregnancy ultrasoundA pregnancy ultrasound is an imaging test that uses sound waves to create a picture of how a baby is developing in the womb (uterus). It is also use...ImageRead Article Now Book Mark Article Treatment Women who are pregnant or who are trying to get pregnant should not drink any amount of alcohol. Pregnant women with alcohol use disorder should join a rehabilitation program and be checked closely by a health care provider throughout pregnancy. Outlook (Prognosis) The outcome for infants with FAS varies. Almost none of these babies have normal brain development.Infants and children with FAS have many different problems, which can be difficult to manage. Children do best if they are diagnosed early and referred to a team of providers who can work on educational and behavioral strategies that fit the child's needs. When to Contact a Medical Professional Contact your provider for an appointment if you are drinking alcohol regularly or heavily, and are finding it difficult to cut back or stop. Also contact your provider if you are drinking alcohol in any amount while you are pregnant or trying to get pregnant. Prevention Avoiding alcohol during pregnancy prevents FAS. Counseling can help women who have already had a child with FAS.Sexually active women who drink heavily should use birth control and control their drinking behaviors, or stop using alcohol before trying to get pregnant.Open ReferencesReferencesHoyme HE, Kalberg WO, Elliott AJ, et al. Updated clinical guidelines for diagnosing fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Pediatrics. 2016;138(2):e20154256. PMID: 27464676 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27464676/.Weber RJ, Jauniaux ERM. Drugs and environmental agents in pregnancy and lactation: teratology, epidemiology, and patient management. In: Landon MB, Galan HL, Jauniaux ERM, et al, eds. Gabbe's Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 7.Wozniak JR, Riley EP, Charness ME. Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Lancet Neurol. 2019;18(8):760-770. PMID: 31160204 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31160204/.
