Dry skin
Definition
Dry skin occurs when your skin loses too much water and oil. Dry skin is common and can affect anyone at any age. The medical term for dry skin is xerosis.
Alternative Names
Xerosis; Asteatotic eczema; Eczema craquele
Causes
Dry skin can be caused by:
The climate, such as cold, dry winter air or hot, dry desert environments
Dry indoor air from heating or cooling systems
Bathing too often or too long
Some soaps and detergents
Skin conditions, such as eczema or psoriasis
Diseases, such as diabetes, underactive thyroid , Sjögren syndrome , among others
Certain medicines (both topical and oral)
Aging, during which skin gets thinner and produces less natural oil
Symptoms
Your skin may get dry, scaly, itchy, and red. You may also have fine cracks on the skin.
The problem is usually worse on the arms and legs.
Exams and Tests
The health care provider will examine your skin. You'll be asked about your health history and skin symptoms.
If the provider suspects the dry skin is caused by a health problem that hasn't been diagnosed yet, tests will likely be ordered.
Treatment
Your provider may suggest home care measures , including:
Moisturizers, especially creams or lotions that contain urea and lactic acid
Topical steroids for areas that get very inflamed and itchy If your dry skin is from a health problem, you'll likely be treated for it as well.
Prevention
To prevent dry skin:
Do not expose your skin to water more often than needed.
Use lukewarm bath water. Afterward, pat the skin dry with the towel instead of rubbing.
Choose gentle skin cleansers that are free from dyes and perfumes.
References
American Academy of Dermatology Association website. Dry skin: Overview. www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/dry-skin-overview . Accessed December 2, 2022.
Coulson IH. Xerosis. In: Lebwohl MG, Heymann WR, Coulson IH, Murrell DF, eds. Treatment of Skin Disease: Comprehensive Therapeutic Strategies . 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2022:chap 258.
Dinulos JGH. Atopic dermatitis. In: Dinulos JGH, ed. Habif's Clinical Dermatology . 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 5.
Review Date:
11/18/2022
The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997-
A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
