Teenagers face a variety of stresses. For some, it is trying to balance a part-time job with mountains of homework. Others may have to help out at home or deal with bullying or peer pressure. Whatever the cause, starting down the road to adulthood has its own special challenges.

You can help your teen by learning to recognize the signs of stress and teaching your child healthy ways to deal with it.

Adolescents - stress; Anxiety - cope with stress

Common sources of stress in teens include:

• Worrying about schoolwork or grades
• Juggling responsibilities, such as school and work or sports
• Having problems with friends, bullying, or peer group pressures
• Becoming sexually active or feeling pressure to do so
• Changing schools, moving, or dealing with housing problems or homelessness
• Having negative thoughts about themselves
• Going through body changes, in both boys and girls
• Seeing their parents go through a divorce or separation
• Having financial problems in the family
• Living in an unsafe home or neighborhood
• Figuring out what to do after high school
• Getting into college

Learn to recognize signs of stress in your teen. Take notice if your child:

• Acts angry or irritable
• Cries often or seems teary
• Withdraws from activities and people
• Has trouble sleeping or sleeps too much
• Seems overly worried
• Eats too much or not enough
• Complains of headaches or stomachaches
• Seems tired or has no energy
• Uses drugs or alcohol

Learn the signs of more serious mental health problems so you can get help for your child:

• Signs of teen depression
• Signs of teen anxiety disorder

If you think your teen is under too much stress, you can help them learn to manage it. Here are some tips:

• Spend time together. Try to spend some time alone with your teen each week. Even if your teen does not accept, they will notice that you offered. Get involved by managing or coaching their sports team, or by taking part in school activities. Or, simply attend games, concerts, or plays he or she is involved with.
• Learn to listen. Listen openly to your teen's concerns and feelings, and share positive thoughts. Ask questions, but do not interpret or jump in with advice unless you are asked. This type of open communication may make your teen more willing to discuss their stress with you.
• Be a role model. Whether you know it or not, your teen looks to you as a model for healthy behavior. Do your best to keep your own stress under control and manage it in healthy ways.
• Get your teen moving. Getting regular exercise is one of the best ways to beat stress, for both adults and teens. Encourage your teens to find an exercise they enjoy, whether it is team sports or other activities like yoga, wall climbing, swimming, dancing, or hiking. You might even suggest trying a new activity together.
• Keep an eye on sleep. Teens need plenty of shut-eye. Not getting enough sleep makes it harder to manage stress. Try to make sure your teen gets at least 8 hours of sleep a night. This can be a challenge between school hours and homework. One way to help is by limiting screen time, both TV and computer, in the evening before bed.
• Teach work management skills. Teach your teen some basic ways to manage tasks, such as making lists or breaking larger tasks into smaller ones and doing one piece at a time.
• Do not try to solve your teenager's problems. As a parent, it is hard to see your child under stress. But try to resist solving your teen's problems. Instead, work together to brainstorm solutions and let your teen come up with ideas. Using this approach helps teens learn to tackle stressful situations on their own.
• Stock up on healthy foods. Like many adults, teens often reach for unhealthy snacks when they are under stress. To help them resist the urge, fill your fridge and cabinets with veggies, fruits, whole grains, and lean proteins. Skip the sodas and high-calorie, sugary snacks.
• Create family rituals. Family routines can be comforting for your teen during stressful times. Having a family dinner or movie night can help relieve the stress of the day and give you a chance to connect.
• Do not demand perfection. None of us does everything perfectly. Expecting perfection from your teen is unrealistic and just adds stress.

Contact their health care provider if your teen seems:

• Overwhelmed by stress
• Talks about self-harm
• Mentions thoughts of suicide

Also call if you notice signs of depression or anxiety.

American Psychological Association. How to help children and teens manage their stress. www.apa.org/topics/child-development/stress. Updated October 19, 2022. Accessed December 1, 2022.

Katzman DK, Joffe A. Adolescent medicine. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman's Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 14.

Holland-Hall CM. Adolescent physical and social development. In: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier;2020:chap 132.