BACK TOTOP Browse A-ZSearchBrowse A-ZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0-9 E-mail FormEmail ResultsName:Email address:Recipients Name:Recipients address:Message: Print-FriendlyBookmarksbookmarks-menuCystitis - noninfectiousAbacterial cystitis; Radiation cystitis; Chemical cystitis; Urethral syndrome - acute; Bladder pain syndrome; Painful bladder disease complex; Dysuria - noninfectious cystitis; Frequent urination - noninfectious cystitis; Painful urination - noninfectious; Interstitial cystitisCystitis is a problem in which pain, pressure, or burning in the bladder is present. Most often, this problem is caused by germs such as bacteria. Cystitis may also be present when there is no infection.This problem is caused by germs such as...Acute cystitis is an infection of the bladder or lower urinary tract. Acute means that the infection begins suddenly.Read Article Now Book Mark Article Causes The exact cause of noninfectious cystitis is often not known. It is more common in women as compared to men.The problem has been linked to:Use of baths and feminine hygiene sprays Use of spermicide jellies, gels, foams, and sponges Radiation therapy to the pelvis area Radiation therapyRadiation therapy uses high-powered radiation (such as x-rays or gamma rays), particles, or radioactive seeds to kill cancer cells.Read Article Now Book Mark Article Certain types of chemotherapy drugs ChemotherapyThe term chemotherapy is used to describe cancer-killing drugs. Chemotherapy may be used to:Cure the cancerShrink the cancerPrevent the cancer from ...Read Article Now Book Mark Article History of severe or repeated bladder infections Certain foods, such as spicy or acidic foods, tomatoes, artificial sweeteners, caffeine, chocolate, and alcohol, can cause bladder symptoms. Symptoms Common symptoms include:Pressure or pain in the lower pelvis Painful urination Painful urinationPainful urination is any pain, discomfort, or burning sensation when passing urine.Read Article Now Book Mark Article Frequent need to urinate Frequent need to urinateFrequent urination means needing to urinate more often than usual. Urgent urination is a sudden, strong need to urinate. This causes a discomfort i...Read Article Now Book Mark Article Urgent need to urinate Urgent need to urinateFrequent urination means needing to urinate more often than usual. Urgent urination is a sudden, strong need to urinate. This causes a discomfort i...Read Article Now Book Mark Article Problems holding urine Need to urinate at night Need to urinate at nightNormally, the amount of urine your body produces decreases at night. This allows most people to sleep 6 to 8 hours without having to urinate. Some p...Read Article Now Book Mark Article Abnormal urine color, cloudy urine Abnormal urine colorThe usual color of urine is straw-yellow. Abnormally-colored urine may be cloudy, dark, or blood-colored.Read Article Now Book Mark Article Blood in the urine Blood in the urineBlood in your urine is called hematuria. The amount may be very small and only detected with urine tests or under a microscope. In other cases, the...Read Article Now Book Mark Article Foul or strong urine odor Other symptoms may include: Pain during sexual intercourse Penile or vaginal pain Penile or vaginal painPenis pain is any pain or discomfort in the penis.Read Article Now Book Mark Article FatigueFatigueFatigue is a feeling of weariness, tiredness, or lack of energy.Read Article Now Book Mark Article Exams and Tests A urinalysis may reveal red blood cells (RBCs) and some white blood cells (WBCs). Urine may be examined under a microscope to look for cancerous cells.UrinalysisUrinalysis is the physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine. It involves a number of tests to detect and measure various compounds th...Read Article Now Book Mark Article A urine culture (clean catch) is done to look for a bacterial infection.Urine culture (clean catch)A urine culture is a lab test to check for bacteria or other germs in a urine sample. It can be used to check for a urinary tract infection in adults...Read Article Now Book Mark Article A cystoscopy (use of lighted instrument to look inside the bladder) may be done if you have:CystoscopyCystoscopy is a surgical procedure. This is done to see the inside of the bladder and urethra using a thin, lighted tube.Read Article Now Book Mark Article Symptoms related to radiation therapy or chemotherapy Symptoms that do not get better with treatment Blood in the urine Treatment The goal of treatment is to manage your symptoms. This may include:Medicines to help your bladder relax. They can reduce the strong urge to urinate or need to urinate frequently. These are called anticholinergic drugs. Possible side effects include increased heart rate, low blood pressure, dry mouth, and constipation. Another class of drug is known as a beta 3 receptor blocker. Possible side effect can be an increase in blood pressure but this does not occur often. Heart rateThe pulse is the number of heartbeats per minute.Read Article Now Book Mark Article A medicine called phenazopyridine (pyridium) to help relieve pain and burning with urination. Medicines to help reduce pain. Surgery is rarely done. It may be performed if a person has symptoms that do not go away with other treatments, trouble passing urine, or blood in the urine.Other things that may help include:Avoiding foods and fluids that irritate the bladder. These include spicy and acidic foods as well as alcohol, citrus juices, and caffeine, and foods that contain them. Performing bladder training exercises to help you schedule times to try to urinate and to delay urination at all other times. One method is to force yourself to delay urinating despite the urge to urinate in between these times. As you become better at waiting this long, slowly increase the time intervals by 15 minutes. Try to reach a goal of urinating every 3 to 4 hours. Avoid pelvic muscle strengthening exercises called Kegel exercises. Kegel exercisesPelvic floor muscle training exercises are a series of exercises designed to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor.Read Article Now Book Mark Article Outlook (Prognosis) Most cases of cystitis are uncomfortable, but the symptoms most often get better over time. Symptoms can improve if you are able to identify and avoid food triggers. Possible Complications Complications may include:Ulceration of bladder wall Painful sex Sleep loss Depression When to Contact a Medical Professional Contact your health care provider if:You have symptoms of cystitis You have been diagnosed with cystitis and your symptoms get worse, or you have new symptoms, especially fever, blood in the urine, back or flank pain, and vomitingFeverFever is the temporary increase in the body's temperature in response to a disease or illness. A child has a fever when the temperature is at or abov...Read Article Now Book Mark Article Flank painFlank pain is pain in one side of the body between the upper belly area (abdomen) and the back.Read Article Now Book Mark Article VomitingNausea is feeling an urge to vomit. It is often called "being sick to your stomach. "Vomiting or throwing-up forces the contents of the stomach up t...Read Article Now Book Mark Article Prevention Avoid products that may irritate the bladder such as:Bubble baths Feminine hygiene sprays Tampons (especially scented products) Spermicidal jelliesIf you need to use such products, try to find those that do not cause irritation for you.Open ReferencesReferencesAmerican Urological Association website. Diagnosis and Treatment Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (2022). www.auanet.org/guidelines/guidelines/diagnosis-and-treatment-interstitial-cystitis/bladder-pain-syndrome-(2022). Accessed June 20, 2022.Hanno PM, Erickson D, Moldwin R, Faraday MM; American Urological Association. Diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: AUA guideline amendment. J Urol. 2015;193(5):1545-1553. PMID: 25623737. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25623737/.Moldwin RM, Hanno PM. Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome and related disorders. In: Partin AW, Dmochowski RR, Kavoussi LR, Peters CA, eds. Campbell-Walsh-Wein Urology. 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 57National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases website. Interstitial cystitis (painful bladder syndrome). www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/interstitial-cystitis-painful-bladder-syndrome. Updated July 2017. Accessed May 26, 2022.AllVideoImagesTogRelated Information Urinary tract infection - adults(Condition)Radiation therapy(Special Topic)Chemotherapy(Special Topic)Interstitial cystitis(Condition)Urethral stricture(Condition)Bladder cancer(Condition)Anemia(Condition)Urinary tract infection - InDepth(In-Depth)Anemia - InDepth(In-Depth) Review Date: 1/1/2022 Reviewed By: Kelly L. Stratton, MD, FACS, Associate Professor, Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. No warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, is made as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, or correctness of any translations made by a third-party service of the information provided herein into any other language. © 1997- A.D.A.M., a business unit of Ebix, Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited. © 1997- All rights reserved. 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Cystitis - noninfectiousAbacterial cystitis; Radiation cystitis; Chemical cystitis; Urethral syndrome - acute; Bladder pain syndrome; Painful bladder disease complex; Dysuria - noninfectious cystitis; Frequent urination - noninfectious cystitis; Painful urination - noninfectious; Interstitial cystitisCystitis is a problem in which pain, pressure, or burning in the bladder is present. Most often, this problem is caused by germs such as bacteria. Cystitis may also be present when there is no infection.This problem is caused by germs such as...Acute cystitis is an infection of the bladder or lower urinary tract. Acute means that the infection begins suddenly.Read Article Now Book Mark Article Causes The exact cause of noninfectious cystitis is often not known. It is more common in women as compared to men.The problem has been linked to:Use of baths and feminine hygiene sprays Use of spermicide jellies, gels, foams, and sponges Radiation therapy to the pelvis area Radiation therapyRadiation therapy uses high-powered radiation (such as x-rays or gamma rays), particles, or radioactive seeds to kill cancer cells.Read Article Now Book Mark Article Certain types of chemotherapy drugs ChemotherapyThe term chemotherapy is used to describe cancer-killing drugs. Chemotherapy may be used to:Cure the cancerShrink the cancerPrevent the cancer from ...Read Article Now Book Mark Article History of severe or repeated bladder infections Certain foods, such as spicy or acidic foods, tomatoes, artificial sweeteners, caffeine, chocolate, and alcohol, can cause bladder symptoms. Symptoms Common symptoms include:Pressure or pain in the lower pelvis Painful urination Painful urinationPainful urination is any pain, discomfort, or burning sensation when passing urine.Read Article Now Book Mark Article Frequent need to urinate Frequent need to urinateFrequent urination means needing to urinate more often than usual. Urgent urination is a sudden, strong need to urinate. This causes a discomfort i...Read Article Now Book Mark Article Urgent need to urinate Urgent need to urinateFrequent urination means needing to urinate more often than usual. Urgent urination is a sudden, strong need to urinate. This causes a discomfort i...Read Article Now Book Mark Article Problems holding urine Need to urinate at night Need to urinate at nightNormally, the amount of urine your body produces decreases at night. This allows most people to sleep 6 to 8 hours without having to urinate. Some p...Read Article Now Book Mark Article Abnormal urine color, cloudy urine Abnormal urine colorThe usual color of urine is straw-yellow. Abnormally-colored urine may be cloudy, dark, or blood-colored.Read Article Now Book Mark Article Blood in the urine Blood in the urineBlood in your urine is called hematuria. The amount may be very small and only detected with urine tests or under a microscope. In other cases, the...Read Article Now Book Mark Article Foul or strong urine odor Other symptoms may include: Pain during sexual intercourse Penile or vaginal pain Penile or vaginal painPenis pain is any pain or discomfort in the penis.Read Article Now Book Mark Article FatigueFatigueFatigue is a feeling of weariness, tiredness, or lack of energy.Read Article Now Book Mark Article Exams and Tests A urinalysis may reveal red blood cells (RBCs) and some white blood cells (WBCs). Urine may be examined under a microscope to look for cancerous cells.UrinalysisUrinalysis is the physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine. It involves a number of tests to detect and measure various compounds th...Read Article Now Book Mark Article A urine culture (clean catch) is done to look for a bacterial infection.Urine culture (clean catch)A urine culture is a lab test to check for bacteria or other germs in a urine sample. It can be used to check for a urinary tract infection in adults...Read Article Now Book Mark Article A cystoscopy (use of lighted instrument to look inside the bladder) may be done if you have:CystoscopyCystoscopy is a surgical procedure. This is done to see the inside of the bladder and urethra using a thin, lighted tube.Read Article Now Book Mark Article Symptoms related to radiation therapy or chemotherapy Symptoms that do not get better with treatment Blood in the urine Treatment The goal of treatment is to manage your symptoms. This may include:Medicines to help your bladder relax. They can reduce the strong urge to urinate or need to urinate frequently. These are called anticholinergic drugs. Possible side effects include increased heart rate, low blood pressure, dry mouth, and constipation. Another class of drug is known as a beta 3 receptor blocker. Possible side effect can be an increase in blood pressure but this does not occur often. Heart rateThe pulse is the number of heartbeats per minute.Read Article Now Book Mark Article A medicine called phenazopyridine (pyridium) to help relieve pain and burning with urination. Medicines to help reduce pain. Surgery is rarely done. It may be performed if a person has symptoms that do not go away with other treatments, trouble passing urine, or blood in the urine.Other things that may help include:Avoiding foods and fluids that irritate the bladder. These include spicy and acidic foods as well as alcohol, citrus juices, and caffeine, and foods that contain them. Performing bladder training exercises to help you schedule times to try to urinate and to delay urination at all other times. One method is to force yourself to delay urinating despite the urge to urinate in between these times. As you become better at waiting this long, slowly increase the time intervals by 15 minutes. Try to reach a goal of urinating every 3 to 4 hours. Avoid pelvic muscle strengthening exercises called Kegel exercises. Kegel exercisesPelvic floor muscle training exercises are a series of exercises designed to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor.Read Article Now Book Mark Article Outlook (Prognosis) Most cases of cystitis are uncomfortable, but the symptoms most often get better over time. Symptoms can improve if you are able to identify and avoid food triggers. Possible Complications Complications may include:Ulceration of bladder wall Painful sex Sleep loss Depression When to Contact a Medical Professional Contact your health care provider if:You have symptoms of cystitis You have been diagnosed with cystitis and your symptoms get worse, or you have new symptoms, especially fever, blood in the urine, back or flank pain, and vomitingFeverFever is the temporary increase in the body's temperature in response to a disease or illness. A child has a fever when the temperature is at or abov...Read Article Now Book Mark Article Flank painFlank pain is pain in one side of the body between the upper belly area (abdomen) and the back.Read Article Now Book Mark Article VomitingNausea is feeling an urge to vomit. It is often called "being sick to your stomach. "Vomiting or throwing-up forces the contents of the stomach up t...Read Article Now Book Mark Article Prevention Avoid products that may irritate the bladder such as:Bubble baths Feminine hygiene sprays Tampons (especially scented products) Spermicidal jelliesIf you need to use such products, try to find those that do not cause irritation for you.Open ReferencesReferencesAmerican Urological Association website. Diagnosis and Treatment Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (2022). www.auanet.org/guidelines/guidelines/diagnosis-and-treatment-interstitial-cystitis/bladder-pain-syndrome-(2022). Accessed June 20, 2022.Hanno PM, Erickson D, Moldwin R, Faraday MM; American Urological Association. Diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: AUA guideline amendment. J Urol. 2015;193(5):1545-1553. PMID: 25623737. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25623737/.Moldwin RM, Hanno PM. Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome and related disorders. In: Partin AW, Dmochowski RR, Kavoussi LR, Peters CA, eds. Campbell-Walsh-Wein Urology. 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 57National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases website. Interstitial cystitis (painful bladder syndrome). www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/interstitial-cystitis-painful-bladder-syndrome. Updated July 2017. Accessed May 26, 2022.