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Hardening of arteries
Blood is the fuel that keeps your body alive and working. It's your blood that transports the oxygen your cells need to survive. To get to your heart and out the rest of your body, blood needs a clear pathway through your arteries. But as you get older and if you eat too many French fries and cheeseburgers your arteries can harden and narrow, fill with plaque leaving less room for blood to flow through.
Let's talk today about atherosclerosis. Your arteries are like the pipes your water flows through to get to your bathroom sink. When the pipes are clear, water flows easily through them. But when rust, minerals, and other debris get stuck in the pipes, it clogs them up, leaving less room for water to flow through. That's why you get nothing more than a drip when you turn on your bathroom sink. In your arteries, clogs are caused by plaque. Plaque is a substance made up of fat and cholesterol which are found in unhealthy food like those French fries and also bacon. Because plaque is sticky it collects on your artery walls and blocks the flow of blood. Sometimes a clump of plaque breaks off and floats away to a smaller blood vessel leading to your heart or brain. If it gets stuck in that vessel, you can have a heart attack or a stroke. Or, the plaque can weaken an artery wall which is called an aneurysm. If that aneurysm breaks open, you could have a very life threatening bleeding.
How can you tell if you have atherosclerosis? Well, that's the tricky part because often atherosclerosis doesn't cause any symptoms until you've got a blocked artery. And by then, you could already be having a heart attack or stroke. So that you don't discover the problem too late, see your doctor for regular check-ups. Get your cholesterol screened by age 35 if you're a man, age 45 if you're a women. Also, have your blood pressure checked every one to two years before age 50. And then once a year after that. You may need to have your blood pressure checked even more often if you have high blood pressure, heart disease, or if you have already had a stroke.
Although you can't reverse atherosclerosis once it starts, you can prevent it with some easy lifestyle changes. Eat a balanced diet that's high in heart healthy fruits, vegetables, and fish. Exercise for at least 30 to 60 minutes a day. Stop smoking because that's really bad news for your arteries. If your cholesterol is high, ask your doctor whether you should be taking cholesterol lowering medication. Lastly, you may also need to take aspirin or another blood thinning drug to prevent clots from forming in your arteries.
Hardening of arteries
Review Date: 1/9/2022
Reviewed By: Michael A. Chen, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
Animations
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm
- Abdominal pain
- Aneurysm description
- Arrhythmias
- Atherosclerosis
- Atrial fibrillation
- Balloon angioplasty - short...
- Blood clotting
- Blood flow
- Blood pressure
- Brain components
- Cardiac and vascular disord...
- Cardiac arrhythmia - conduc...
- Cardiac arrhythmia symptoms
- Cardiac arrhythmia tests: E...
- Cardiac arrhythmia: Additio...
- Cardiac arrhythmia: Heart p...
- Cardiac arrhythmia: Physica...
- Cardiac arrhythmia: Taking ...
- Cardiac catheterization
- Cardiac catheterization - a...
- Cardiac conduction system
- Cardiac CT scan overview
- Cardiomyopathy
- Cardiovascular system
- Causes and side effects of ...
- Cerebral aneurysm
- Chest pain
- Childhood obesity
- Cholesterol and triglycerid...
- Coronary artery bypass graf...
- Coronary artery disease
- Coronary artery disease (CA...
- Directional coronary athere...
- Electrocardiogram
- Epinephrine and exercise
- Erection problems
- Essential hypertension
- Exercise
- Hardening of arteries
- Healthy Guide to Fast Food
- Heart attack
- Heart bypass surgery
- Heart failure
- Heart formation
- Heartbeat
- How to use a pill cutter
- Hypertension
- Hypertension - overview
- Muscle types
- NICU consultants and suppor...
- Nuclear stress test
- Obstructive sleep apnea
- Percutaneous transluminal c...
- Preeclampsia
- Smoking
- Smoking tips to quit
- Snoring
- Stent
- Stroke
- Stroke
- Stroke - secondary to cardi...
- Tachycardia
- Tobacco use - effects on ar...
- Tracking your blood pressur...
- Type 2 diabetes
- Understanding cholesterol r...
- Vacation health care
- Valvular heart disease (VHD...
- Varicose veins
- Varicose veins overview
- Venous insufficiency
- What makes your heart beat?
Illustrations
- 15/15 rule
- Absent pulmonary valve
- Acute MI
- Adjustable gastric banding
- Aerobic exercise
- Alcoholic cardiomyopathy
- Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
- Angina
- Anomalous left coronary artery
- Anterior heart arteries
- Aortic aneurysm
- Aortic dissection
- Aortic rupture - chest x-ray
- Aortic stenosis
- Aortopulmonary window
- Arterial embolism
- Arterial plaque build-up
- Arterial tear in internal c...
- Arteries of the brain
- Artery cut section
- Atherosclerosis
- Atherosclerosis of internal...
- Atherosclerosis of the extr...
- Atrial septal defect
- Atrioventricular block - EC...
- Atrioventricular canal (end...
- Auscultation
- Bacterial pericarditis
- Balance receptors
- Bicuspid aortic valve
- Biguanides
- Biliopancreatic diversion (BPD)
- Biliopancreatic diversion w...
- Biopsy catheter
- Blood pressure
- Blood pressure check
- Blood test
- Bradycardia
- Brain
- Brainstem function
- Breathing
- Bronchial cancer - CT scan
- Calcium benefit
- Calcium source
- Calories and fat per serving
- Cardiac arteriogram
- Cardiac catheterization
- Cardiac catheterization
- Carotid dissection
- Carotid duplex
- Carotid stenosis - X-ray of...
- Carotid stenosis - X-ray of...
- Cataract
- Cataract - close-up of the eye
- Central nervous system and ...
- Cerebellum - function
- Cerebral aneurysm
- Cholesterol
- Cholesterol producers
- Circle of Willis
- Circulation of blood throug...
- Circulatory system
- Clubbing
- Coarctation of the aorta
- Conduction system of the heart
- Constrictive pericarditis
- Coronary angiography
- Coronary artery blockage
- Coronary artery disease
- Coronary artery disease
- Coronary artery fistula
- Coronary artery spasm
- Coronary artery stent
- Crossed eyes
- CT scan
- Culture-negative endocarditis
- Cyanosis of the nail bed
- Cyanotic heart disease
- DASH diet
- Deep veins
- Deep veins
- Deep venous thrombosis - il...
- Developmental process of at...
- Dextrocardia
- Diabetes and exercise
- Diabetic emergency supplies
- Digestive system
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Double aortic arch
- Double inlet left ventricle
- Double outlet right ventricle
- Drug induced hypertension
- Duplex/doppler ultrasound test
- Ear anatomy
- Ebstein's anomaly
- ECG
- ECMO
- Effects of age on blood pressure
- Eisenmenger syndrome (or co...
- Electrocardiogram (ECG)
- Emphysema
- Endarterectomy
- Endocrine glands
- Enlarged view of atherosclerosis
- Exercise - a powerful tool
- Exercise 30 minutes a day
- Exercise can lower blood pr...
- Exercise with friends
- Eye
- Facial drooping
- Fast food
- Fish in diet
- Food and insulin release
- Food label guide for candy
- Food label guide for whole ...
- Foot swelling
- Fruits and vegetables
- Glucose in blood
- Glucose test
- Healthy diet
- Healthy diet
- Heart - front view
- Heart - section through the...
- Heart attack symptoms
- Heart beat
- Heart chambers
- Heart valves
- Heart valves - anterior view
- Heart valves - superior view
- High blood pressure tests
- Holter heart monitor
- Hypertension
- Hypertensive kidney
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Infective endocarditis
- Insulin pump
- Insulin pump
- Intracerebellar hemorrhage ...
- Intracerebral hemorrhage
- Janeway lesion on the finger
- Jaw pain and heart attacks
- Left atrial myxoma
- Left cerebral hemisphere - ...
- Left heart catheterization
- Leg pain (Osgood-Schlatter)
- Lifestyle changes
- Lobes of the brain
- Low blood sugar symptoms
- Low nasal bridge
- Lower leg edema
- Lower leg muscles
- Lung mass, right lung - CT scan
- Lung mass, right upper lobe...
- Lung nodule, right lower lu...
- Lung with squamous cell can...
- Lungs
- Lymph tissue in the head an...
- Male reproductive anatomy
- Mitral stenosis
- Mitral valve prolapse
- Monitoring blood pressure
- MRI scans
- MUGA test
- Muscular atrophy
- myPlate
- Neck pain
- Neck pulse
- Normal anatomy of the heart
- Normal heart anatomy (cut s...
- Normal heart rhythm
- Normal lung anatomy
- Omega-3 fatty acids
- Otoscope examination
- Pacemaker
- Pericarditis
- Pericardium
- Pericardium
- Peripartum cardiomyopathy
- Pharmacy options
- Pitting edema on the leg
- Plaque buildup in arteries
- Post myocardial infarction ...
- Posterior heart arteries
- Post-MI pericarditis
- Prevention of heart disease
- Progressive build-up of pla...
- Ptosis - drooping of the eyelid
- Pulmonary nodule, solitary ...
- Quitting smoking
- Radial pulse
- Read food labels
- Respiratory cilia
- Respiratory system
- Retrocalcaneal bursitis
- Right atrial myxoma
- Right cerebral hemisphere -...
- Roux-en-Y stomach surgery f...
- Saturated fats
- Secondhand smoke and lung cancer
- Shin splints
- Slit-lamp exam
- Smoking hazards
- Smoking hazards
- Sodium content
- Sources of fiber
- Stable angina
- Starchy foods
- Striae in the popliteal fossa
- Stroke
- Sulfonylureas drug
- Superficial thrombophlebitis
- Superficial thrombophlebitis
- Swan Ganz catheterization
- Taking your carotid pulse
- Thiazolidinediones
- Thoracic organs
- Thromboangiitis obliterans
- Thrombus
- Thyroid cancer - CT scan
- Tobacco and cancer
- Tobacco and chemicals
- Tobacco and vascular disease
- Tobacco health risks
- Totally anomalous pulmonary...
- Totally anomalous pulmonary...
- Totally anomalous pulmonary...
- Trans fatty acids
- Transient Ischemic attack (TIA)
- Tricuspid Regurgitation
- Tricuspid Regurgitation
- Type I diabetes
- Ultrasound, normal fetus - ...
- Ultrasound, ventricular sep...
- Untreated hypertension
- Varicose veins
- Vascular ring
- Venous blood clot
- Ventricular septal defect
- Ventricular tachycardia
- Vertebra, thoracic (mid back)
- Vertical banded gastroplasty
- Vertigo
- Visual acuity test
- Visual field test
- Vitamin B1 benefit
- Vitamin B1 source
- Vitamin C benefit
- Vitamin C deficit
- Vitamin C source
- Vitamin E and heart disease
- Warming up and cooling down
- Wine and health